UAE after Islam an Example by

UAE after Islam One of the fundamental highlights of United Arab Emirates is its ownership of an extremely key area which encourages its exchange and business. Inside the nation, the individuals are occupied with a few occupations, for example, exchanging, transportation, angling and chasing. This a significant piece of their common life which, beside specific turns of events, stayed more and less as similar occupations the individuals in the nation are locked in with as the years progressed. Nonetheless, dissimilar to occupation which remained moderately stable as the years progressed, there is a significant part of UAEs culture that experienced radical changes through time. This is in the region of religion. Such changes might be isolated between UAE before Islam and UAE under Islamic religion. Need paper test on UAE after Islam subject? We will compose a custom paper test explicitly for you Continue Indeed, even before the appearance of Islam, the individuals in UAE have a created religion. It might be what individuals at present consider as crude, yet it is in any case a created and composed religion. They have a divinity as a snake. A sanctuary is worked for the love. This is a decent proof of the level of human advancement of these snake admirers as respects their religion. They had the option to make a holy area where love of their god will be performed. In addition, the presence such sanctuary infers the presence of set up ceremonies, customs and conventions of a strict sort that are seen by them. Sanctuaries are likewise normally used to impart to the god, in this manner suggesting some type of supplication technique among the individuals. Beside the sanctuary and love, they likewise have other built up standards and conventions, for example, in internments. This carries us to the second degree of investigation, which is the assessment of the status of UAE after the appearance Islam. Islam supplanted the old religion rehearsed by individuals in UAE. It was encouraged by one of the significant highlights that have portrayed UAE for an exceptionally prolonged stretch of time, its points of interest as respects exchange and trade. Around then, the Gulf, where UAE is a piece of, got one of the significant business habitats just as the business of the boats. This encouraged the spreading of Islam through the assistance of Gulf dealers. The teaching of Muslim confidence is portrayed not by a serene mix of individuals to the religion. Rather, the introduction of Islam in the nation is encouraged by blood and misfortune. The way to Islam that UAE and different nations in the locale needed to follow was cleared with fights and successes. Indeed, even from the earliest starting point, Islam was first brought inside the nation by Amer canister el Aass by battling all the intruders from the area of Arabian Gulf after the demise of prophet Mohammed (PBUH). In the Gulf, this was trailed by different fights, some of which are described by triumphs, the others, by misfortunes. Instances of the triumphs incorporate the triumph of the Ottoman ruler, Mohammed Al-Fatih (the Conqueror) to victory Constantinople, while instances of the misfortunes remember the finish of the realm of Granada for Andalusia in 1492 and end of the Arabian marine authority over the Arabian Gulf, Oman Sea, and a piece of the Indian Ocean during the fifte enth Century. A large number of these fights brought about numerous passings and extraordinary loss of properties. Among the adversaries against whom the need to safeguard emerged were Portugal, Holland, France, and Britain. The political atmosphere after the presentation of Islam was additionally influenced by the arrangement of collusions and innate associations that are regularly framed by administering families. Also, the approaches of government and individuals have changed. One significant outcome of the improvements in the Arab locale, including UAE, is their impacts on the issues individuals hold dear. Progress and freedom have become significant calls for Arab residents and consideration was given to the craving to accomplish present day instruction, social modernisation and media receptiveness. The Arab improvement, particularly after Islam, effectsly affects its various parts. A significant conversation as respects these impacts will be the advancement of Dubai Emirates, which is a fundamental piece of United Arab Emirates. It is considered as the fundamental bit of the Gulf and like UAE, has accomplished a significant situation in exchange because of its key area. It has likewise become a fundamental exchanging the Gulf owing somewhat to the achievement of its pearl-production business. Be that as it may, as talked about above, UAE has become observer to the intersection of societies because of its vital area close to waterways utilized for exchange and transportation, thus have its parts. The outcome is the blending of expressions of the human experience and culture of its parts, including the Dubai Emirates in this way losing their qualification among one another. Reference David C King 'Joined Arab Emirates' New York : Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2008. King ibn Muhammad al-Qasimi, Ruler of ShaI riqah'Selected talks' Sharjah, United Arab Emirates : Al Qasimi Publications, 2016.

Sociology of corrections essays

Humanism of adjustments articles Commonly, there are four defenses for discipline that are as yet utilized today in the United States: Retribution, discouragement, incapication, and recovery. There are numerous methods of arriving at these supports other than jail today, which are made to help the present issues in the criminal equity framework. There are a wide range of perspectives about the adequacy of these avocations, and with the entirety of the issues in the criminal equity framework numerous inquiries are left unanswered today, such as...... How well do the real factors of the restorative endeavor agree with these defenses of discipline Reality in this angle for the most part implies the pace of recidivism for a given wrongdoer. As per Marquart and Sorensen, It might be conceivable to control certain gross highlights of the current, conceptional jail framework, for example, length of sentence and level of security-so as to influence these recidivism rates. (Correctional Contexts, Roxbury Publishing organization, 1997, pg. 299 ) The recidivism rates for some random wrongdoer rely on a great deal of factors, one of which being, season of sentence. One unforgiving truth of the remedial undertaking is that most of the restorative establishments in the United States today are packed. A 1992 study said that, there are 3,500 area imprisons in the United States today, and there are 400,000 prisoners occupying them. ( Class conversation, September 20 ) This makes time of sentence hard to be reasonable about when there is no space to house a guilty party, regardless of whether he deserves it. Considering what we think about redresses, how effective would we say we are in accomplishing these objectives? Which should society use requital, prevention, weakening, or restoration? Avocations for explicit authorizations cover impressively. A term of detainment might be insightfully supported by its essential objective of retaliation yet in addition serve the auxiliary elements of deterren ... <!

37% COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

37% COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Early January is always a busy time in our office. I know many applicants are anxiously awaiting news about the processing of documents and I thought I would provide some insight into what we are doing right now to make sure files get ready for reading. I will start with a statistic: 37% of the people who submitted applications for fall 2009 did so in the five days prior to the admission deadline. There is no problem with submitting an application anytime prior to the deadline, but here are some insights into how the process works. It can take us anywhere from three to five days to print an application once it has been submitted. Once an application has been printed a file must be created and then the matching process starts. The matching process involves combing through all of the mail we have received and documents that have been uploaded to our site and then printed. I would hazard a guess and say that we process well over 75,000 pieces of paper each application season. We have letters of recommendation, transcripts, test scores . . . well, you are well familiar with what we ask for at this point in time. I hope these numbers give you a picture of the process in our office. If you submitted an application slightly before the deadline, it might be a few weeks before we are able to complete the matching process. If you submitted an application well before the deadline the same may still apply. Even if you have submitted an application and several documents well before the deadline, the final matching process can take time. Stayed tuned and keep up-to-date with the progress of your application on the application Web site.   When the Web site indicates that all of your documents have been tracked into the system this means your application has been sent to the Committee for review.

Teen s Self Esteem And Body Image - 1868 Words

Many teenagers suffer from low self-esteem and an unhealthy body image all around the world and the main cause of this epidemic is social media. On average, teenagers between ages 8-18 spend 10 hours and 45 minutes a day on social networking, with Facebook and Twitter being the most used sites among them (Lepi, 2013). But the question is why would any teen want to look at pictures of their peers who look camera ‘perfect’ 24/7 to only lower their self-esteem and how they feel about themselves? Many teens tend to compare themselves negatively to a picture or ‘selfie’ they see on social media causing their subconscious to think negative thoughts such as ‘I’m fat’ or ‘I’m ugly’ which increases the chance of them developing a severe eating disorder including anorexia nervosa or they might self-harm themselves. Friends and family photos have shown to have more of an impact then celebrity photos do as they are known contacts to them. Through this analysis it will be shown how teen’s self-esteem and their body image can be lower by idealized images of human perfection on social media sites. A person, especially teenagers, self-esteem and body image is easily lowered through social media, but what is self-esteem and body image? Self-esteem can be defined in many different ways with no specific meaning to it. One way to define self-esteem would be that it is a person’s own opinion of themselves. A healthy self-esteem is based on how accurately someone assesses themselves and thatShow MoreRelatedThe Self Image Of Young Adults1396 Words   |  6 PagesFor many, many decades Americans have suffered from self-image because of inner conflicts causing very low self-esteem issues. Many of these conflicting identity issues play into these severe inflictions with one s self. Teens and young adults have a troubled existence of feeling incompetent, unloved, unworthy and leaving them unable to fit into the crowd because of their body image leaving an imprint of a certain way to look. As Early as age five, children have been brainwashed with secular televisionRead MoreSocial N orms Of A Female s Beauty And Body Image1234 Words   |  5 Pageseat the damn red velvet cupcake.† – Emma Stone. The world is rapidly changing in the world of women. Even over the last decade, the role and social norms of a female has changed substantially. With that said, societies standards of a women s beauty and body image has a direct effect on teenage girls, leading many to develop eating disorders such as anorexia. There are two main types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Both of these types are characterized as a major concernRead MoreThe Influence Of Media Reporting On Society s Perception Of Beauty1730 Words   |  7 PagesIt is evident that over the last decade the media has created an image that is unrealistic and unattainable for teenage girls. As such, based upon a macro perspective, the societal roles, status and expectations of young women have been impacted negatively. This paper will analyze how the combination of media reporting, socioeconomics and sociocultural factors contribute to the development of eating disorders as well as how society s perception of beauty has been distorted. This paper will furtherRead MoreThe Media And Its Effects On Teen And Young Undeveloped Brains1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe advertising business views teenagers in society as a viable market section, due to their immature understanding of the media and its dazzling impact o n teen and young undeveloped brains. The media is progressively specializing in children and adolescents to captivate with advertisements. according to market research corporations, teenagers are vital to marketers because they can pay a considerable open income, spend family cash easily, and they are easily able to influence their families to spendRead MoreAmerican Teen Cosmetic And Plastic Surgery1432 Words   |  6 Pages American Teen Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery Plastic and cosmetic surgeries have become a persisting issue in The United States, with the steady advancement of social media and technology being exposed to teens, many are falling victims to the country’s perception of standard beauty and resorting towards surgical procedures features that are not considered to be attractive among the general public. The United States makes it very easy for teens to proceed with aesthetic surgicalRead MoreWomen s Impact On Young Girls And Adult Women1438 Words   |  6 Pagespeople think that having insecurities is just a phase that every young teen goes through that will eventually turn into confidence, but that isn’t always the case. Many women struggle daily with the way their appearances and even try to seek for approval as a way to boost their confidence. In today’s society, majority of young adults especially women are constantly on social media, looking through photos of women with the perfect body shapes and having the ideal life. But in reality, most of these womenRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : Becoming More Common817 Words   |  4 Pagesmore and more teens are trying to look like the latest celebrities. Celebrities like Kim Kardashian, and Kylie Jenner are making cosmetic surgery the â€Å"It† thing. Cosmetic surgery should not be given to teens. Cosmetic surgery is risky and should not be used as a quick fix for self-esteem and body image. Cosmetic surgery is the procedure of enhancing the patient’s appearance. Teens seeking cosmetic surgery is becoming more common. There are certain surgeries that are common in teens that get cosmeticRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pagesthe duration of time, I have noticed the great deal of power that media has influenced on how women ought to appear. The relationship between social media and its users is a high effect on people and causes many problems. We are constantly thrown images of women and men to categorize what is eye catching. It has been clear that social media has blossomed in the last few decades to only deliver us with messages. Social media is applying to us, that looking more like the Kardashians and less like ourselvesRead MoreAnalysis Of Snow White And The Seven Dwarfs 1179 Words   |  5 Pageswith the media and they are constantly attacked by the messages of the media. A superior message the media is depicting is ultra-thin as a reference point of beauty. Everyday an abundance of women are bombarded with the media s concept and interpretation of the flawless body. The photos being represented in popular magazines typically issued for women all over the country are impractical and illogical. According to Adam Cloe, an author at Live Strong, the average American woman is about 166.2 poundsRead MoreSocial Media Allows People To Share Pictures And Ideas1057 Words   |  5 Pagesthat are so heavily impacted by the media can link their self-worth to their l ooks. I used scholarly articles all relating to how social media affects body image to decide what my view point was. After research, we can conclude that social media has a negative effect on a woman’s body image. The media consumption can lead to dissatisfaction and even have a correlation with eating disorders. â€Å"Social Media effects on Young Women’s Body Image Concerns: Theoretical Perspectives and an Agenda for Research†

Taking a Look at Breast Cancer - 1052 Words

Nearly one in eight women in the United States will develop breast cancer at some point in her or his life (Breast Cancer Health Center, 2014). I am sure that almost everyone has been affected by breast cancer in one way or another, whether they had it or know someone who has had it. My mom’s aunt had breast cancer, as did my dad’s mother. My great-aunt luckily caught it early on and had it taken care of. Unfortunately, my grandmother caught it too late; it had spread all over her body and eventually ended up being the cause of her death. It is important to know the risk factors of developing breast cancer and what you can do to help prevent it, as well as knowing treatment options if you or someone you know is diagnosed with it. Breast cancer develops in the breast tissue. It develops primarily in the milk ducts or glands, and can travel to other parts of the body. Even if it has traveled elsewhere, it is still called breast cancer. If it has spread, it will usually be referred to as metastatic or advanced breast cancer (Breast Cancer Health Center, 2014). Although breast cancer can occur in both males and females, it is a lot more common in females. In fact, men account for just one percent of all breast cancer cases. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. In addition, it is the second leading cause of cancer deaths only being preceded by lung cancer. Early detection of breast cancer can be lifesaving. If breast cancer is detected early on, it isShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Breast Cancer1760 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the Cancer Facts and Figures 2014 by the American Cancer Society, an estimated number of 232,670 women in the United States will be diagnosed with breast cancer, and about 2,360 new cases are expected in men. Breast cancer will possibly cause death to more than 40,000 female patients and 400 male patients in 2014. Excluding skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer that American women are diagnosed with. Additionally, breast cancer ranks second in the most deadly cancers among wo menRead MoreTaking a Look at Breast Cancer1758 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death among females in the world. It is known for â€Å"have both a genetic and non-genetic etiology† (Milne et al., 2010). It involves a combination of several factors- such as â€Å"genetic, environmental and behavioral risk factors†- that are unique to each individual (Nickels et al., 2013). This type of cancer is represented by a malignant tumor manifested in breast cells such as the line duct and line lobules cells, just to name a fewRead MoreTaking a Look at Breast Cancer955 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women in the United States, after lung cancer. Every year, millions of women over the age of 40 go in for a routine mammogram to help prevent terminal breast cancer by early prognosis. While some very fortunate women will never actually be diagnosed with this cancer, they still undergo this medical test routinely. However, for every eight women there is one th at will be diagnosed with some form of breast cancer in their life. It seems as thoughRead MoreTaking a Look at Breast Cancer718 Words   |  3 Pagesasked her sister what was wrong. Elaine tried to ignore it and changed the subject. But Tina was worried and took her to the emergency room where the E.R. doctor diagnosed her with Stage 4 breast cancer. Since Elaine rarely went to doctors or got any checkups, she suffered from a late detection of breast cancer due to her fear of doctors. While visiting my family in New York for winter vacation 2011, I noticed that Elaine’s weight was dropping and her clothes were not as secure as they once were.Read MoreTaking a Look for Breast Cancer1083 Words   |  4 Pagesdiagnose for breast cancer is a regular self-check for changes in the chest or breast area. On finding a lump or cyst under the skin, it is ideal to visit a GP for confirmation although; most lumps or cysts are normal or non-cancerous. On confirmation of the presence of breast cancer, a patient would be further examined to find out the stage of cancer and what treatments would be ideal for them. This further testing includes a variety of techniques used to scan a suspected breast cancer such as MammogramRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Serious Condition1553 Words   |  7 PagesDestiny Myers BBH 411W.004 Prof. Gyekis 2/18/16 Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a serious condition and takes many people s lives each and every year. It accounts for at least 18.2% of cancer deaths worldwide.1 In society today, women are more focused on what appeals to men, rather than worrying about their own health. â€Å"If only women paid as much attention to their breast as men do† is promoted by National Breast Cancer Foundation. 2 The message that I took from this PSA is the notion that womenRead MoreBreast Cancer; Saving the Girls 959 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is the second most prominent cause of cancer deaths in women. About 1 in 8 American women living in the U.S. will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer sometime during the course of their life. About 39,620 of those women will die from it. â€Å"Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast divide and grow without their normal control† (Komen). There are two main types of breast cancer. Ductal carcinoma, the most common type which starts in the tubes that transport milk from the breastRead MoreBreast Cancer Prevention and Education Essay1695 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the American Cancer Society, â€Å"Breast cancer is the common disease of women in the United States, other than skin cancer.† After lung cancer, it is the leading secondary cause of cancer death in women. It helps to have some basic facts about the normal makeup of the breasts to understand breast cancer. In the past, this disease was one of the most feared forms of cancer due to its fatality rate and because complete recovery often required breast removal. The best way to fight this diseaseRead MoreThe Significance Of Breast Cancer1022 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a serious disease that takes place in the cells of the breast. It is detected in many things, such as finding a lump or a change in how the breast looks. It is important to know how breast cancer works and the many parts that contribute to the knowledge of the disease. Famous actress Angelina Jolie brought breast cancer into the spotlight when she decided to get a double mastectomy. In the article â€Å"The Angelina Effect† that came from Times magazineRead MoreBreast Cancer That Develops From Breast Tissue Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, or a red scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin. Risk factors for developing breast cancer include: female sex, obesity, lack of physical exercise, drinking alcohol, hormone replacement therapy during menopause

A Game of Thrones Chapter Thirty-five Free Essays

Eddard He found Littlefinger in the brothel’s common room, chatting amiably with a tall, elegant woman who wore a feathered gown over skin as black as ink. By the hearth, Heward and a buxom wench were playing at forfeits. From the look of it, he’d lost his belt, his cloak, his mail shirt, and his right boot so far, while the girl had been forced to unbutton her shift to the waist. We will write a custom essay sample on A Game of Thrones Chapter Thirty-five or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jory Cassel stood beside a rain-streaked window with a wry smile on his face, watching Heward turn over tiles and enjoying the view. Ned paused at the foot of the stair and pulled on his gloves. â€Å"It’s time we took our leave. My business here is done.† Heward lurched to his feet, hurriedly gathering up his things. â€Å"As you will, my lord,† Jory said. â€Å"I’ll help Wyl bring round the horses.† He strode to the door. Littlefinger took his time saying his farewells. He kissed the black woman’s hand, whispered some joke that made her laugh aloud, and sauntered over to Ned. â€Å"Your business,† he said lightly, â€Å"or Robert’s? They say the Hand dreams the king’s dreams, speaks with the king’s voice, and rules with the king’s sword. Does that also mean you fuck with the king’s—† â€Å"Lord Baelish,† Ned interrupted, â€Å"you presume too much. I am not ungrateful for your help. It might have taken us years to find this brothel without you. That does not mean I intend to endure your mockery. And I am no longer the King’s Hand.† â€Å"The direwolf must be a prickly beast,† said Littlefinger with a sharp twist of his mouth. A warm rain was pelting down from a starless black sky as they walked to the stables. Ned drew up the hood of his cloak. Jory brought out his horse. Young Wyl came right behind him, leading Littlefinger’s mare with one hand while the other fumbled with his belt and the lacings of his trousers. A barefoot whore leaned out of the stable door, giggling at him. â€Å"Will we be going back to the castle now, my lord?† Jory asked. Ned nodded and swung into the saddle. Littlefinger mounted up beside him. Jory and the others followed. â€Å"Chataya runs a choice establishment,† Littlefinger said as they rode. â€Å"I’ve half a mind to buy it. Brothels are a much sounder investment than ships, I’ve found. Whores seldom sink, and when they are boarded by pirates, why, the pirates pay good coin like everyone else.† Lord Petyr chuckled at his own wit. Ned let him prattle on. After a time, he quieted and they rode in silence. The streets of King’s Landing were dark and deserted. The rain had driven everyone under their roofs. It beat down on Ned’s head, warm as blood and relentless as old guilts. Fat drops of water ran down his face. â€Å"Robert will never keep to one bed,† Lyanna had told him at Winterfell, on the night long ago when their father had promised her hand to the young Lord of Storm’s End. â€Å"I hear he has gotten a child on some girl in the Vale.† Ned had held the babe in his arms; he could scarcely deny her, nor would he lie to his sister, but he had assured her that what Robert did before their betrothal was of no matter, that he was a good man and true who would love her with all his heart. Lyanna had only smiled. â€Å"Love is sweet, dearest Ned, but it cannot change a man’s nature.† The girl had been so young Ned had not dared to ask her age. No doubt she’d been a virgin; the better brothels could always find a virgin, if the purse was fat enough. She had light red hair and a powdering of freckles across the bridge of her nose, and when she slipped free a breast to give her nipple to the babe, he saw that her bosom was freckled as well. â€Å"I named her Barra,† she said as the child nursed. â€Å"She looks so like him, does she not, milord? She has his nose, and his hair . . . â€Å" â€Å"She does.† Eddard Stark had touched the baby’s fine, dark hair. It flowed through his fingers like black silk. Robert’s firstborn had had the same fine hair, he seemed to recall. â€Å"Tell him that when you see him, milord, as it . . . as it please you. Tell him how beautiful she is.† â€Å"I will,† Ned had promised her. That was his curse. Robert would swear undying love and forget them before evenfall, but Ned Stark kept his vows. He thought of the promises he’d made Lyanna as she lay dying, and the price he’d paid to keep them. â€Å"And tell him I’ve not been with no one else. I swear it, milord, by the old gods and new. Chataya said I could have half a year, for the baby, and for hoping he’d come back. So you’ll tell him I’m waiting, won’t you? I don’t want no jewels or nothing, just him. He was always good to me, truly.† Good to you, Ned thought hollowly. â€Å"I will tell him, child, and I promise you, Barra shall not go wanting.† She had smiled then, a smile so tremulous and sweet that it cut the heart out of him. Riding through the rainy night, Ned saw Jon Snow’s face in front of him, so like a younger version of his own. If the gods frowned so on bastards, he thought dully, why did they fill men with such lusts? â€Å"Lord Baelish, what do you know of Robert’s bastards?† â€Å"Well, he has more than you, for a start.† â€Å"How many?† Littlefinger shrugged. Rivulets of moisture twisted down the back of his cloak. â€Å"Does it matter? If you bed enough women, some will give you presents, and His Grace has never been shy on that count. I know he’s acknowledged that boy at Storm’s End, the one he fathered the night Lord Stannis wed. He could hardly do otherwise. The mother was a Florent, niece to the Lady Selyse, one of her bedmaids. Renly says that Robert carried the girl upstairs during the feast, and broke in the wedding bed while Stannis and his bride were still dancing. Lord Stannis seemed to think that was a blot on the honor of his wife’s House, so when the boy was born, he shipped him off to Renly.† He gave Ned a sideways glance. â€Å"I’ve also heard whispers that Robert got a pair of twins on a serving wench at Casterly Rock, three years ago when he went west for Lord Tywin’s tourney. Cersei had the babes killed, and sold the mother to a passing slaver. Too much a n affront to Lannister pride, that close to home.† Ned Stark grimaced. Ugly tales like that were told of every great lord in the realm. He could believe it of Cersei Lannister readily enough . . . but would the king stand by and let it happen? The Robert he had known would not have, but the Robert he had known had never been so practiced at shutting his eyes to things he did not wish to see. â€Å"Why would Jon Arryn take a sudden interest in the king’s baseborn children?† The short man gave a sodden shrug. â€Å"He was the King’s Hand. Doubtless Robert asked him to see that they were provided for.† Ned was soaked through to the bone, and his soul had grown cold. â€Å"It had to be more than that, or why kill him?† Littlefinger shook the rain from his hair and laughed. â€Å"Now I see. Lord Arryn learned that His Grace had filled the bellies of some whores and fishwives, and for that he had to be silenced. Small wonder. Allow a man like that to live, and next he’s like to blurt out that the sun rises in the east.† There was no answer Ned Stark could give to that but a frown. For the first time in years, he found himself remembering Rhaegar Targaryen. He wondered if Rhaegar had frequented brothels; somehow he thought not. The rain was falling harder now, stinging the eyes and drumming against the ground. Rivers of black water were running down the hill when Jory called out, â€Å"My lord,† his voice hoarse with alarm. And in an instant, the street was full of soldiers. Ned glimpsed ringmail over leather, gauntlets and greaves, steel helms with golden lions on the crests. Their cloaks clung to their backs, sodden with rain. He had no time to count, but there were ten at least, a line of them, on foot, blocking the street, with longswords and iron-tipped spears. â€Å"Behind!† he heard Wyl cry, and when he turned his horse, there were more in back of them, cutting off their retreat. Jory’s sword came singing from its scabbard. â€Å"Make way or die!† â€Å"The wolves are howling,† their leader said. Ned could see rain running down his face. â€Å"Such a small pack, though.† Littlefinger walked his horse forward, step by careful step. â€Å"What is the meaning of this? This is the Hand of the King.† â€Å"He was the Hand of the King.† The mud muffled the hooves of the blood bay stallion. The line parted before him. On a golden breastplate, the lion of Lannister roared its defiance. â€Å"Now, if truth be told, I’m not sure what he is.† â€Å"Lannister, this is madness,† Littlefinger said. â€Å"Let us pass. We are expected back at the castle. What do you think you’re doing?† â€Å"He knows what he’s doing,† Ned said calmly. Jaime Lannister smiled. â€Å"Quite true. I’m looking for my brother. You remember my brother, don’t you, Lord Stark? He was with us at Winterfell. Fair-haired, mismatched eyes, sharp of tongue. A short man.† â€Å"I remember him well,† Ned replied. â€Å"It would seem he has met some trouble on the road. My lord father is quite vexed. You would not perchance have any notion of who might have wished my brother ill, would you?† â€Å"Your brother has been taken at my command, to answer for his crimes,† Ned Stark said. Littlefinger groaned in dismay. â€Å"My lords—† Ser Jaime ripped his longsword from its sheath and urged his stallion forward. â€Å"Show me your steel, Lord Eddard. I’ll butcher you like Aerys if I must, but I’d sooner you died with a blade in your hand.† He gave Littlefinger a cool, contemptuous glance. â€Å"Lord Baelish, I’d leave here in some haste if I did not care to get bloodstains on my costly clothing.† Littlefinger did not need to be urged. â€Å"I will bring the City Watch,† he promised Ned. The Lannister line parted to let him through, and closed behind him. Littlefinger put his heels to his mare and vanished around a corner. Ned’s men had drawn their swords, but they were three against twenty. Eyes watched from nearby windows and doors, but no one was about to intervene. His party was mounted, the Lannisters on foot save for Jaime himself. A charge might win them free, but it seemed to Eddard Stark that they had a surer, safer tactic. â€Å"Kill me,† he warned the Kingslayer, â€Å"and Catelyn will most certainly slay Tyrion.† Jaime Lannister poked at Ned’s chest with the gilded sword that had sipped the blood of the last of the Dragonkings. â€Å"Would she? The noble Catelyn Tully of Riverrun murder a hostage? I think . . . not.† He sighed. â€Å"But I am not willing to chance my brother’s life on a woman’s honor.† Jaime slid the golden sword into its sheath. â€Å"So I suppose I’ll let you run back to Robert to tell him how I frightened you. I wonder if he’ll care.† Jaime pushed his wet hair back with his fingers and wheeled his horse around. When he was beyond the line of swordsmen, he glanced back at his captain. â€Å"Tregar, see that no harm comes to Lord Stark.† â€Å"As you say, m’lord.† â€Å"Still . . . we wouldn’t want him to leave here entirely unchastened, so†Ã¢â‚¬â€through the night and the rain, he glimpsed the white of Jaime’s smile—†kill his men.† â€Å"No!† Ned Stark screamed, clawing for his sword. Jaime was already cantering off down the street as he heard Wyl shout. Men closed from both sides. Ned rode one down, cutting at phantoms in red cloaks who gave way before him. Jory Cassel put his heels into his mount and charged. A steel-shod hoof caught a Lannister guardsman in the face with a sickening crunch. A second man reeled away and for an instant Jory was free. Wyl cursed as they pulled him off his dying horse, swords slashing in the rain. Ned galloped to him, bringing his longsword down on Tregar’s helm. The jolt of impact made him grit his teeth. Tregar stumbled to his knees, his lion crest sheared in half, blood running down his face. Heward was hacking at the hands that had seized his bridle when a spear caught him in the belly. Suddenly Jory was back among them, a red rain flying from his sword. â€Å"No!† Ned shouted. â€Å"Jory, away!† Ned’s horse slipped under him and came crash ing down in the mud. There was a moment of blinding pain and the taste of blood in his mouth. He saw them cut the legs from Jory’s mount and drag him to the earth, swords rising and failing as they closed in around him. When Ned’s horse lurched back to its feet, he tried to rise, only to fall again, choking on his scream. He could see the splintered bone poking through his calf. It was the last thing he saw for a time. The rain came down and down and down. When he opened his eyes again, Lord Eddard Stark was alone with his dead. His horse moved closer, caught the rank scent of blood, and galloped away. Ned began to drag himself through the mud, gritting his teeth at the agony in his leg. It seemed to take years. Faces watched from candlelit windows, and people began to emerge from alleys and doors, but no one moved to help. Littlefinger and the City Watch found him there in the street, cradling Jory Cassel’s body in his arms. Somewhere the gold cloaks found a litter, but the trip back to the castle was a blur of agony, and Ned lost consciousness more than once. He remembered seeing the Red Keep looming ahead of him in the first grey light of dawn. The rain had darkened the pale pink stone of the massive walls to the color of blood. Then Grand Maester Pycelle was looming over him, holding a cup, whispering, â€Å"Drink, my lord. Here. The milk of the poppy, for your pain.† He remembered swallowing, and Pycelle was telling someone to heat the wine to boiling and fetch him clean silk, and that was the last he knew. How to cite A Game of Thrones Chapter Thirty-five, Essay examples

Smart Materials in Aerospace Industry free essay sample

Within each subsection, we will draw a relationship between the properties of the smart material and its molecular mechanism. This is followed by presenting an outline of their recent and future applications, and the experimental procedures and results done in recent researches to show the feasibility of these applications. In the Discussion section, we will be delving into the cost-effectiveness and feasibility of using smart materials in aerospace components. Finally, the conclusion will give an insight into the relationship between the use of smart materials and the design of future aircrafts. Smart materials are defined as materials that can significantly change their intrinsic properties (mechanical, thermal, optical or electromagnetic), in a predictable and controlled manner in response to their environmental stimulus[1]. In general, these materials can be categorized into 3 categories, namely thermal-to-mechanical (shape memory alloys), electrical-to-mechanical (piezoelectric), and magnetic-to-mechanical (magnetostrictive). Materials engineering has undergone a major transformation in the recent decade, as atoms and molecules are no longer viewed and worked upon on the microscopic level, but now on the nanometer level. Materials requirements are becoming more complex, especially in the aerospace industry in which safety and cost-effectiveness often conflict against each other. It is no longer acceptable for materials to have a single function; they need to be multifunctional to save costs and weight. Smart materials are now replacing monolithic ones to achieve multiple functions at all scale levels. Hence, smart materials are essentially integrated into the use of aerospace components. What differentiates smart materials from normal monolithic ones? Smart materials exhibit characteristics which most scientists would term as ‘intelligence’. This includes immediacy (the ability to respond in real time); transiency (the ability to respond to more than one environmental states); self-actuation (inherent intelligence within material); selectivity (having a discrete and predictable response); and lastly, directness (response is local to the ‘activating’ event)[2]. The performance characteristics of aircrafts are often limited by properties of materials used in both the airframe and propulsion systems. With the recent advancement of materials technology, high performance materials are created, resulting in a breakthrough in the performance and efficiency of modern aircrafts. The discovery of smart materials provides cost-effective and innovative solutions to the limitations currently faced in the design of aircrafts. These smart materials perform specialized functions when exposed to external stimuli, and they are increasingly being used to replace conventional aircraft parts for better performance. In this report, we shall look at the current and future use of these smart materials in the aerospace industry. 1. Purpose The purpose of this report is to introduce the different types of smart materials and their applications in the aerospace industry. Recent and emerging uses of these smart materials will also be presented, with brief experimental procedures and results obtained from recent researches and experiments to show the feasibility in aerospace applications. 1. 2 Background Smart material transformation was first observed on gold-cadmium, and recorded in 1932. Five year later, in 1938, the same phase transformation was observed in brass. In 1962, Beehler and coworkers discovered the shape memory effects of Nickel-Titanium alloy, and they named this family of alloy as Nitinol. The discovery of Nitinol ignites the discovery of other alloy systems with shape memory effect, and also accelerates the use of smart materials in product development. [3] Since then, aerospace companies are also exploring the use of smart materials in aircraft components. Conventional automatic control systems which use servo-valve or hydraulic actuators face a lot of limitations. These limitations include multiple energy conversions, complexity due to large number of parts resulting in large number of potential failure sites and large weight penalty, high vulnerability of hydraulic network, and frequency limitation. In contrast, the advantages from the use of smart materials actuators include the direct conversion of electrical energy to high frequency linear motion, easier transmission of electrical energy throughout aircraft, and light and compact smart materials induced-strain actuation in place of bulky hydraulic power systems. With this huge potential offered by smart materials, researchers are eager to tap on this potential, by exploring on ways to implement these smart materials into aircraft components. 1. 3 Scope This report will present the 4 common types of smart materials that are popular in the market. A brief description will be made with regards to the mechanism of how the smart materials function. The properties of the smart materials will then be related to their current and future aerospace application. This is followed by the detailed outline of the experimental procedures undertaken by past researches, as well as results obtained which prove the feasibility of using these smart materials for the aerospace applications. Finally, discussions will be made on the viability of the use of smart materials in the aerospace industry, in terms of safety, cost feasibility and future trends. . Types and Applications of Smart Materials 1. Piezoelectric Material Piezoelectricity is the generation of electrical potential in a material in response to a mechanical stress. This is known as the direct effect. It can also mean mechanical deformation upon the application of electrical charge or signal (Harrison JS and Ounaies Z, 2001). In this case, the material can serve as a sensor to detect m echanical stress. In addition, the materials can serve as an actuator when there’s a large increase of size due to electrical stimuli. The two types of piezoelectric materials that are used as smart materials are piezoelectric ceramic and polymer. Properties Piezoelectric materials are widely used as they possess favorable properties such as fast electromechanical response, wide bandwidth, high generative force and relatively low power requirements (Harrison JS and Ounaies Z, 2001). In addition, piezoelectric polymers are flexible, lightweight, and have low acoustic and mechanical impedance, while piezoelectric ceramics are brittle, heavy and toxic. Mechanism Piezoelectric effect is formed in crystals that have no centre of symmetry. One end of the molecule is more negatively charged while the other end is more positively charged, hence a dipole moment exists within the molecule. This is due to both the atomic configuration of the molecule, and also the molecular shape. Polar axis is the imaginary line that runs through the centre of both charges on the molecule. The orientation of the polar axis determines the type of crystal. For monocrystal, all the molecules’ polar axes are oriented in the same direction (Figure 2. 1. 1), while for polycrystal, the polar axes of molecules are oriented in different direction. When the material is compressed, a voltage of the same polarity as the resultant dipole moment will appear between the electrodes (Figure (b)). Conversely, the voltage will be of opposite polarity when the material is expanded (Figure (c)). Similarly, a voltage applied that is opposite to the poling voltage will cause the material to expand(Figure (d)), while an applied voltage of the same polarity will cause the material to be compressed (Figure (e)). If an alternating voltage is applied across the material, the material will vibrate with the same frequency as the signal. [pic] Figure 2. 1. 4 Advantages and Disadvantages[4] Advantages |Disadvantages | |Compact and lightweight |Brittle due to crystalline structure | |Displacement proportional to applied voltage |Produce small strains compared to SMA and magnetostrictives | |Operate over large temperature range |Cannot withstand high shear and tension | |Fast response to applied voltage(msec) |Aging of material | |Repeatable sub-nanom eter steps at high frequency |Uses active control, which can result in instability | |No moving parts |Can become depolarized (at high temperature, high voltages and large | |Function at high frequencies |stresses) | |Excellent stability | | |Easily embedded into laminated composites | | Aerospace Applications Piezoelectric materials are mainly used in the aerospace industry for shape control and vibration control. †¢ Tail-Buffet Suppression High performance aircrafts with twin vertical tails often face the aeroelastic phenomenon of tail buffeting, in which the unsteady vortices that emanates from the wing leading edge extensions burst and immerse the vertical tails in their wake. This results in severe vertical tail response and buffet loads, which lowers airframe life and increases maintenance costs. pic][pic] Before the development of piezoelectric actuators, various method of alleviating buffeting was used. One method was the use of hydraulic actuators to superimpose the oscillations of affected control surfaces about their hinges, so as to effect damping. However, this method has two disadvantages. Firstly, the flight control system and buffeting-minimization system must use the same degree of freedom for the same control surface, thus reducing the availabi lity of the control surface for each role. Secondly, operations are limited to low frequencies due to the difficulty of oscillation a large control surface about its hinges. These shakers are controlled by the test rig control system to model actual flight structural loads. †¢ In the experiment, four custom-made high-power amplifiers of 2kVA rating over 200Hz bandwidth were used. Results Conclusion The experimental results have shown that the active control system using piezoelectric actuators was able to effectively suppress the buffet response of the vertical fin at high angle of attack. Amplitude reductions of up to 60% at the normal flight configuration and close to 10% in the worst case scenario were observed (Yousefi-Koma A Zimcik DG 2003). It was estimated even a small 10% reduction in vibration amplitude would double the durability of the fin. Hence, it can be concluded that with the use of piezoelectric actuators in active-control surface modal (ACSM) device to deform the control surface, the control surface not only can respond to buffeting-minimization signals, but also flight control commands. †¢ Wing Flutter Damping When a structure is placed in a flow of sufficiently high velocity, an aeroelastic self-excited vibration takes place, which has a sustained or divergent amplitude. This results in dynamic instability that can get violent. This is because at high speed, the effect of the airstream can cause the coupling of two or more vibration modes such that the vibrating structure will extract energy from the airstream. The extracted energy equals the amount of energy that the structure can dissipate at the critical speed, and a neutrally stable vibration exists. However, above this critical speed, the vibration amplitude will diverge, causing structural failure. Experiment and Result The Piezoelectric Aeroelastic Response Tailoring Investigation was conducted at MIT with the support of NASA, and it aims to achieve the following objectives: determining the power consumption of the piezoelectric actuators while controlling the response of the structure; investigating optimal piezoelectric actuator placement; and, testing disturbance rejection controllers at zero airspeed (Anna-Maria Rivas McGowan). The major components of the 4-feet test model, as shown in Figure 2. 1. , consist of two primary structures: an exterior fiberglass shell, which is used to obtain aerodynamic lift; an interior composite plate that contains the piezoelectric actuators, and is made up of an aluminium honeycomb core sandwiche d by graphite epoxy plates. The plates are of [20 °2/0 °]s laminate, referenced to the wings quarter-chord which is swept 30 °, and this provides a static coupling of the bending and torsional behaviour. Fifteen groups of piezoceramic actuators patches are placed at the top and bottom of the interior plate, and they are configured to impart moments to the plate. Together with the orientation of the graphite epoxy and the wing sweep angle, the actuators can affect bending and torsional vibration of the model. Forces on the model were monitored using ten strain gauges and four accelerometers. To acquire time history data, each of the 15 piezoelectric actuator groups was activated individually, as well as in five sets of several actuator groups. The experimental results is shown in the graphs in Figure 2. 1. 7. In summary, it shows that the control system can effect successful flutter suppression and gust reduction in the model, with a 12% increase in flutter damping and 75% decrease in root-bending moment caused by gusts. This clearly shows the potential of the use of piezoelectric actuators in suppressing the detrimental effects of wing flutter. [pic] Figure 2. 1. 6 pic] Figure 2. 1. 7 †¢ Rotor Blade Twist Outboard portion of the blade travel faster, and with the same lift coefficient, higher lift force is concentrated near the blade tip. To distribute the lift force evenly among the blades, the angle of attack is made to be lower near the blade tip, and higher near the blade root, s uch that the lift coefficient decreases with increasing distance from the blade root.

Alcohol Abuse Issues

In the findings of the NationalCenteronAddictionandSubstanceAbuse,the statistics reveals that almost80%ofhighschoolstudentshave tasted alcohol (â€Å"Should the drinking age be lowered from 21 to a younger age?† 1). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Alcohol Abuse Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the legal drinking age in America being at twenty-one years of age, a substantial number of us may have direct experience of alcohol consumption. Often, some teenagers believe that drinking alcohol helps them to facilitate solutions to their problems. Besides, they think of alcohol a reachable escape route from the numerous pressures and expectations from family members. As a matter of fact, alcohol does not only affect ourselves but also the people around us. For instance, many victims of drunk-driving die in grisly road accidents and leave their families dejected and orphaned. Moreover, sometimes it is the bread winner who perishes in these avoidable accidents. Reflectively, I believe most of the teenagers know alcohol as a harmful chemical with lifelong effects on its consumer. If this knowledge is put into practice, the outcome can greatly impact their health (â€Å"Risky Business: The Gamble† 1). Then why should we drink? Across the states of America, teenagers generally start driving at the age of sixteen, as compared to teens in other continents such as Europe who begin driving at the age of 18.The positive index of age in Europe substantially ensures greater safety for the driver in terms of maturity and responsibility. However, due to low legal driving age in America, many teenagers are prone to the risk of driving under the influence of alcohol than in other countries. In a study carried out in 2008, the results reveal that over 1.4 million drivers were arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol (â€Å"The Nemours Foundation† 1). In addition, d rugs such as marijuana and cocaine contributed to about 18% of motor vehicle driver deaths (â€Å"Should the drinking age† 2). These drugs are often used in combination with alcohol. Alcohol opens the gate to drug abuse. Once you are addicted to alcohol, drugs might come along as well. Social pressures are another cause of alcohol abuse among high school students. Due to the peer pressure, teenagers do things that they do not want to match up with the status quo. Afraid of rejection and wanting to appear mature for their age, teens participate in alcohol consumption to look â€Å"cool†. Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unfortunately, these teens end up wasted in the quest for an identity and uncontrolled freedom in pretence of having fun. While the image of drinking may appear cool to some people, getting drunk influences a person to do extremely un-cool things (â €Å"High-Risk Drinking in College: What We Know and What We Need to Learn† 1). Also, teenagers who are afraid of being rejected by friends drink in order to maintain the friendship between them. Alcohol slows the functioning of central nervous system and blocks some of the messages to the brain. These effects are beyond our imagination as the whole biological organs are slowed down with the labor of digesting the toxic chemical in alcohol. The physical effects of alcohol consumption includes difficulty walking, blurred vision, slurred speech, slowed reaction times, and impaired memory. According to National institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism alcohol damages the brain, cause blackouts, memory lost, and liver disease (â€Å"Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease† 1). Although consuming alcohol may trigger the feeling of joy and relieved stress, the hangovers in the morning is not very lovely and you realize the problems are still there (â€Å"Alcohol-Induced Liver Diseas e† 1). Drinking is not the right way to escape from reality. The temporarily feeling will of relief never solves the troubles in your life. Alcohol is a depressant when consumed in large quantities and can cause alcohol poisoning which leads to difficulty in breathing, seizures or even death. Besides, consumption beyond the liver’s ability to process may result in imbalance and injure the liver. Consequently, liver disease may cause persistent bleeding from veins in the esophagus, high blood pressure in the liver, coma, and liver cancer(â€Å"Why should I say no to alcohol?.† 3). The harmful effects of alcohol surpass its benefits. Thus, lower drinking age may be fatal in long run due to brain damage. When high school students start drinking at an earlier age, it will have effects on brain developing, physical, and mental health. Since teens who take alcohol have a higher chance of academic failure, allowing them to access alcohol negates their academic performa nce (â€Å"Risky Business: The Gamble† 1). As a result of tender drinking age, the brain cannot fully develop making them to be prone to academic failure. The most practical solution to underage drinking is parental involvement in the emotional life of their children. Besides, the government should reinforce law agencies which monitor accessibility of harmful drugs on under age. I addition, hefty fines should be posted on the stores which sell alcohol to under age.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Alcohol Abuse Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In conclusion, alcohol remains to be a challenge in the relationship among parents and their teenage children. Drinking comes with many responsibilities and if abused, may ultimately lead to long-term consequences. Alcohol does not only affect ourselves but also people around us. Works Cited â€Å"Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease.† American Liver Foundati on, September 28th, 2007. Web. â€Å"High-Risk Drinking in College: What We Know and What We Need To Learn.† N.p., 9/23/2005. Web. â€Å"Risky Business: The Gamble.† Alcohol Awarness. The University of Lethbridge, January 11,2005. Web15,0CT, 2011. â€Å"Should the drinking age be lowered from 21 to a younger age?.† ProCon.org. N.p., 5/24/2010. Web15,0CT, 2011 â€Å"The Nemours Foundation.† Alcohol. N.p., April 2009. Web15,0CT, 2011 â€Å"Why should I say no to alcohol?.† Drinking: Facts for Teens. N.p., 11/09. Web15,0CT, 2011Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Alcohol Abuse Issues was written and submitted by user Gabriel Baxter to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Drugs And Their Abuses

Drugs have become a very serious problem in the United States. They have become a component of one’s every day lives. This Nation’s reliance on drugs for pleasure, depression, and medical relief dominates the political and economic scene. Much debate over the drug issue occurs daily. Pleasure is one of the main reasons for drug use in America. Drugs are used daily by all different age groups. Some of the more common drugs used are marijuana, alcohol, cigarettes, and heroin. Among the younger users, marijuana, alcohol, and cigarettes are most prevalent in our society. Alcohol is widely used by both adults and teens. More often than ever we are seeing younger kids get in alcohol related accidents. It is becoming heavily abused as each minute passes by. More and more people are getting addicted to alcohol and are running their lives. Sure, it does give them a buzz and a good feeling for a while, but once one gets addicted it can totally ruin their life. Marijuana is also a very harmful drug. When one uses it for pleasure, they are looking for a high that last for four or five hours. A person might just start to smoke once in a while, but before no time, they are addicted to it and there’s no turning back. Marijuana is known to be a stepping stone. That is true, 90% of those using hard drugs, such as heroin, started with marijuana. People do get a high and do feel good but overall marijuana is bad for you. If used as a teen it can cause retarding of the normal brain cells. Cigarettes on the other hand are not thought of as being a drug. Well they are. Cigarettes are probably the easiest drug to get a hold of. When a person smokes, they not only put themselves in danger but they put other in danger also. When a person lights up a cigarette they get short buzz. At the same time they are also harming their body’s. Nicotine, which is what gets people addicted, can cause many illnesses. It is known to cause lu... Free Essays on Drugs And Their Abuses Free Essays on Drugs And Their Abuses Drugs have become a very serious problem in the United States. They have become a component of one’s every day lives. This Nation’s reliance on drugs for pleasure, depression, and medical relief dominates the political and economic scene. Much debate over the drug issue occurs daily. Pleasure is one of the main reasons for drug use in America. Drugs are used daily by all different age groups. Some of the more common drugs used are marijuana, alcohol, cigarettes, and heroin. Among the younger users, marijuana, alcohol, and cigarettes are most prevalent in our society. Alcohol is widely used by both adults and teens. More often than ever we are seeing younger kids get in alcohol related accidents. It is becoming heavily abused as each minute passes by. More and more people are getting addicted to alcohol and are running their lives. Sure, it does give them a buzz and a good feeling for a while, but once one gets addicted it can totally ruin their life. Marijuana is also a very harmful drug. When one uses it for pleasure, they are looking for a high that last for four or five hours. A person might just start to smoke once in a while, but before no time, they are addicted to it and there’s no turning back. Marijuana is known to be a stepping stone. That is true, 90% of those using hard drugs, such as heroin, started with marijuana. People do get a high and do feel good but overall marijuana is bad for you. If used as a teen it can cause retarding of the normal brain cells. Cigarettes on the other hand are not thought of as being a drug. Well they are. Cigarettes are probably the easiest drug to get a hold of. When a person smokes, they not only put themselves in danger but they put other in danger also. When a person lights up a cigarette they get short buzz. At the same time they are also harming their body’s. Nicotine, which is what gets people addicted, can cause many illnesses. It is known to cause lu...

Homeopathy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homeopathy - Essay Example According to the Wurges, (2005) Arsenicum Album is one of the most commonly used homeopathic remedies with a high success rate. With its ability to treat indigestion, allergies, food poisoning and fevers, it was the most appropriate solution in my case. According to the British Homeopathic Association, a website created to help patient access information on homeopathy; it documents a series of several success stories of patients who used Arsenicum album and were cured, with a long list under those that were suffering from alimentary system disorders (Gibson). Although Arsenicum Album has been found to be poisonous in some cases, appropriate use with guidance from a homeopath, has shown greater success in its use. Various scientists such as Andrea Gescher have been skeptical on the effectiveness of Arsenicum Album (Bhattacharya, 2003), but other studies such as the one carried out by Clausen, van Wijk, and Albrecht, (2011), showed that the pophylactic and therapeutic applications of t he rememdy have a high success rate. The rememdy is grouped under the fifteen important rememdies in homeopathy and its application is widely used cure both psychological and physical problems. It is therefore, a recommended remedy when it comes to homeopathy. Bhattacharya, S. (2003, October 22). Homeopathy reduces arsenic poisoning in mice. Retrieved from New Scientist:

Electronic Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Electronic Commerce - Essay Example Moreover, new sales and distribution channels may appear for Franke thanks to E-commerce. EC can reduce the cycle time to produce Franke’s washroom products. It can also enhance productivity and lessen the time needed to present the products into the market. The supply chain management of Franke will be effective with minimal delays. Moreover, the company can decrease the inventory and so can lower the cost for the inventory. The costs for administrative tasks and sometimes intermediaries in the supply chain are also reduced. The organization’s supply chain may be simplified in which the size of the supply chain is reduced. Franke can work more closely with its smaller group of suppliers in a focused supply chain evolved from applying E-commerce. â€Å"Tight coupling is a method for ensuring that suppliers precisely deliver the ordered parts, at a specific time and particular location.† (Laudon, 2007) It will enhance Franke’s logistical activities which are very important for the company to provide the right products with right quantities to the right locations at the right time. In addition to supply chain improvements, the supply chain management system of the organization can also be upgraded. EC makes SCM systems consistently linked the processes of supply chain such as purchasing, producing and distributing products from suppliers to consumers. Franke can integrate the demands for its equipment and enter them into the order entry system. A Franke worker assembles the equipment, packages them, make them tagged using RFID, etc, and then distributes them to the customer. The delivery process is monitored and tracked by Franke’s SCM system to get the latest information of order status. â€Å"Most B2B E-commerce is an adaption of EDI or is based on EDI principles.† (Deitel, Deitel & Nieto, 2001) EDI stands for electronic data interchange and it can minimize the cost,

Emerging Trends In Recruitment Commerce Essay

Emerging Trends In Recruitment Commerce Essay Internet evolution is affecting our working and personal life in various aspects and no one can say the contrary. One of the areas that the internet has recently and strongly been involved in is Recruitment Selection, as a medium between job seekers and companies since global competition persists and industries becoming more skill intensive, the recruitment of talent workers becomes essential (Yoon, 2009 adapted from Tong and Sivanand, 2005), and attracting the right applicants at the right time is getting tougher than ever. The use of conventional recruitment methods no longer suffices and timely to attract sufficient pool of qualified applicants. Many organizations have turned to adopting sophisticated recruitment strategies or combining various recruitment methods to attract them such as the E-Recruitment. Since recruitment has become the most challenging human resources (HR) function across all industries today, the need of the hour is to shift from traditional reactive recruiting toward more proactive recruiting, by clearly understanding the various factors of the recruitment market (Parmesh, date). In early-1990s, with the advancement of internet technology, many have witnessed the transformation of the conventional recruitment methods to online recruitment. Some corporate companies even use their web sites to recruit people while others capitalized this change to become e-recruitment service providers. This latter third-party e-recruitment business thrived to become the second most popular online business besides booking airline tickets, in United States and Europe. This business trends was later caught up in South-east Asia and Asia Pacific (Yoon adapted from Labanyi, 2002; Galanaki, 2002; Fisher, 2001; Gomolski, 2000; Joyce, 2002; Dixon, 2000). (Adapted from Weiss and Barbeite (2001) focused on reactions to Internet-based job sites. They discovered that the Internet was evidently favoured as a source of finding jobs. An examination of the literature on the various aspect of e-recruitment will allow us some insight and better understanding. When doing literature research many studies focused mainly on the applicant side or only on corporate side; in this study we will investigate both aspect in order to have a broad understanding of e-recruitment development. Emerging trends in Recruitment Recruitment is now about customer relationship management. Applicants needs has changed and preferred an individual relationship with the employer. We talk about war for talent, and now the most advanced guerrilla fighters using the latest weapons. It is a zero sum game between your company and everyone else competing for similar talent. Up to 25% of existing e-Recruitment traders will be purchased or go out of business in the next 3 years (Gartner Q4 Report 2004 accessed on http://www.specht.com.au) Many companies are moving away of conventional recruitment methods. The new methods followed by companies are outsourcing, poaching/raiding and e-recruitment. Outsourcing Outsourcing is a process of transferring a business function to an external service provider. In recruitment out sourcing, a company completely transfers the selection process or part of it to a third party. The outsourcing enterprises assist the organisation by the preliminary screening of the applicants according to the requests of the organization and creating an appropriate pool of talent for the ultimate selection by the organization. Outsourcing firms extend their human resource group by employing people for them. These human resource pools will be made accessible to various companies as per their requirements. Poaching/Raiding Raiding or poaching is a method of recruitment in which competing firms attract employees from rival firms. In simple terms poaching may be described as buying talent rather than developing. Hefty pay packages, other terms and conditions may attract employees to join new Organizations. Poaching is a big challenge for human resource managers. Poaching weakens the Organizations competitive strength because of employees migration. E-Recruitment E-Recruitment is the latest trend in recruitment. It is also known as online recruitment. Internet is the back bone for E-Recruitment. Companies advertise job vacancies on different websites. Exclusive job websites like naukr.com, monster.com, etc help both job seekers and companies to contact each other. A 247 access to the database of the resumes to the employers is provided by these job sites which facilitate organizations to hire people more rapidly. Every Company website usually provides career hyper link. This link helps job seekers to upload resume in the website. Using the uploaded resumes Companies can build their own resume database, which can be used for existing and future requirements. Online recruitment helps the organizations to automate the process of recruitment, which allow saving on time and costs. Traditional way v/s E-way In recent years, the traditional approach to recruitment has been revolutionized by the concept of online recruitment. Although Internet recruiting will not replace traditional recruiting in the near future, it is quickly becoming an essential aid for todays recruiters. Online recruitment varies from conventional recruitment in many ways this has been stressed by some authors. In this area, some researchers have compared between internet recruitment tools and traditional recruitment tools. A survey which was carried out by Galanaki (2002) , found out that internet agencies provide the company with fewer but substantially better applicants than traditional recruitment agencies. On the same side, a research conducted by Verhoeven and Williams (2008) reports on a study into internet recruitment and selection in the United Kingdom and the survey showed dwindling recruitment spends focused on web-based recruitment at the expense of traditional methods. The author also reported that online methods proved far more popular, as majority firms use their own companys website was used as a recruitment tool for most jobs. Kapse et al (2012), a study conducted by Connerley, Carlson, Mecham (2003) on the evidence of differences in applicant pool quality addressed the research need by examining the attraction outcome of firms competing head-to-head for recruits for similar positions. Results of an analysis suggest that applicant quality can vary substantially within and across job families Chapman and Webster (2003) in their survey research on the use of technologies in recruiting, screening, and selection processes for job candidates conducted in USA found that most organizations implemented technology based recruitment and selection tools to improve efficiency, enable new assessment tools, reduce costs, standardize systems and expand the applicant pool. From the applicant opinion, (Maysara (2010) adapted from Rooy and Fairchild (2003) and Rozelle and Landis (2002)) contrasted between job searching by internet tools and traditional tools in terms of the number of jobs that were found and candidate perception of success in the job searching process. The jobs that were found by traditional recruitment tools were less in the number than the ones found by internet tools only. The results of this study encouraged the authors to argue that jobseekers that use this technological advance in their job search are in a good competitive position compared to their peers who do not use it. Diverging from the four previous studies results, Maysara (2010) adapted from Zusman and Landis (2002) found that job applicants reported high preference for the jobs posted in the traditional recruitment sources e.g. paper than the ones posted on the website. The result was not expected for the authors. In addition, and consistent with applicant attraction studies, they found that applicants prefer the high quality recruitment websites than the low quality websites. While comparing the traditional recruitment and the internet recruitment people sometimes finds that they are both almost alike in what they have to offer, however, as we can notice in Table 1, the process is different between the two. E-Recruitment Defining E-Recruitment E-recruitment is a means of using information technology (IT) to perform, speed up or improves this process. EHRM system and its subsystems, such as e-recruitment, produce a higher level of service delivery and a better strategic contribution. E-recruitment emerges as a handy and advantageous method over traditional methods of recruitment (Poorangi et al adapted from Tong and Sivanand, 2005), as it brings all benefits of an e-business into the human resource field and improves the efficiencies of the recruitment process. There are diverse meanings of electronic recruitment coined by well-known researchers. Commonly E-Recruitment is defined as: According to Wolfswinkel e-Recruiting is the online attraction and identification of potential employees using corporate or commercial recruiting websites, electronic advertisements on other websites, or an arbitrar combination of these channels including optional methods such as remote interviews and assessments, smart online search agents or interactive communication tools between recruiter and applicant. E-Recruitment also known as online recruitment, Internet recruiting or cyber-recruiting refers to the practice of advertising job vacancies online, also is the process of integration of the recruitment and internet technology to improve efficiency and effectiveness in hiring the new employers from all over the world (Galanki, 2002) E-recruitment Hiring Process The Hiring Process means carrying out a full series of functions in addition to simple recruitment. It means making a choice and deciding if the company feels that any of the candidates meet the requirements of the specific job and, if so, hiring that person. The next step is closing the deal and having the new employee join the company and fit in within the existing company culture. This means that once the companys hiring policies have been clearly defined, there is a process, which we call the Hiring Process that may be broken down into the theses stages as you can see in the following figure. Figure 1.3 illustrates the staffing processes involved in recruitment of staff and e-recruitment can be brought about in any or all of these main processes. Figure 1.2 E-Recruitment Hiring Process Source: Damhija 2012 Global E-recruitment market E-recruitment has been an issue of interest over the past ten years. Internet is considered as the latest tool in hiring. It is a real revolution spreading over the world of job hunting hiring. The term online recruitment, e-recruitment, cyber recruiting, or internet recruiting, imply the formal sourcing of job information online. The first references to e-recruitment appear in articles of the mid-1980s E-recruitment can be divided into two types of uses: corporate web site for recruitment and commercial jobs boards (such as monster.com) for posting job advertisements .Corporate websites are a companys own website with a link for job posting/career options where candidates can log into for current openings. If the company advertises its vacant positions on other website that specialize in recruitment such as naukri.com, timesjob.com, monster.com, etc., the companies would be adopting commercial job boards for recruitment. Development of E-Recruitment E-recruitment will expand but not replace the face to face selection stage smaller companies will be able to afford these technologies interactive, voice-based systems online portfolios including samples of your work testing tool. Methods of E-Recruitment Lievens Harris (2003) define E-recruitment as any method of persuading candidates to apply for a position that relies greatly on the Internet. We can say that Internet recruitment is not a method itself and therefore can be misunderstood sometimes since there are several of different approaches to Internet recruitment. Dhamija (2012) says that, in order to find active or passive candidates, e-recruitment has come up with valuable method for finding these potential candidates and moreover that there is high demand for e-recruitment tools and skilled workers as specified by The Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) in a report entitled Workplace Trends during 2007-2008. For the purpose of this study, the focus will be given on two common methods of online recruitment which are being used nowadays. Corporate Website As said by Pin et al (2001), although jobseekers or those who are looking to switch jobs may think that the most logical path is to simply log their resume on a job site, knowing it will be distributed to a large number of companies in various industries, this is not the only option. Tyagi. A (2012) describe the use of a corporate website of the organization for posting a job as a link for career options where the potential candidates can log in for the existing opportunities therefore on companys own website, HR department has a choice of posting the vacancies freely and indicate the career path expected after joining the organisation. But she also pointed out that the corporate website attracts only the interested candidates towards it and for attracting other candidates, other channels should be used. According to Lievens Harris (2003) (adapted from Maher Silverman, 2002), company web sites correspond to one of the primary Internet-based method to employing. Several of these web sites as well offer useful information about the organization, in addition of a system for applying for these jobs. In 2001 a research by iLogos demonstrates that of the Worldwide 500 companies, 88% had a company Internet recruitment site, revealing an important surge from 1998, when only 29% of these companies had such a web site. Approximately all North American Global 500 companies (93%) have a business Internet recruitment site. Most applicants would consider a medium to large size company without a recruitment web site to be somewhat odd; certainly, one report indicated that of 62,000 hires at nine large companies, 16% were initiated at the company Internet recruitment site. Commercial job portals or Job boards Many companies have experienced excellent results through Internet recruiting on their own Web site. However, other firms also utilize employment Web sites by simply typing in key job criteria, skills, and experience and indicating their geographic location. They next click Search for Candidates and in seconds have a ranked list of rà ©sumà ©s from candidates that match the firms requirements. Fees vary from one employment Web site to another, and the number of sites has expanded dramatically in recent years. (http://www.prenhall.com/managementzone/mondyhrm8/mondyhrm8.pdf accessed on 27 August 2012, Chapter 6 Internet recruiting). According to Pin et al (2001) online job boards are recruitment networks that provide a meeting point for jobseekers and enterprises; hence a job platform acts as a middlemen, enabling job offers to be filled by most suitable candidates by segmenting information and providing real-time updated job offers to candidates. These e-recruitment platforms are normally free for jobseekers and chargeable to companies seeking to recruit, sometimes an annual fee and sometimes a charge per listing. These boards are good for attracting active and passive job seekers, particularly for less recognised companies but they can also be used as a supplement to the corporate site. Commercial job boards most common form of online recruiting. Job boards work like classified ads in the newspaper. These are global and allow a larger reach into the candidate pool. The job boards greatest strength is the total numbers of candidates registering resumes; the estimation is that they contain five million unique resumes (Gutmacher, 2000). Additionally, they allow recruiters to administer 24 hours a day, check candidates from around the world, and are commonly quite low-cost (Boehle, 2000). A key advantage of the job board approach for a company is that lots of individuals send resumes and that most job boards provide a search system so that recruiters can hunt for applicants with the appropriate skills and experience. A second benefit is that an organization can give extensive information, as well as a link to the companys web site for supplementary information on both i.e. the career path as well as the organizations. The committed recruitment websites can take a struct ure of job listing websites, which can be look like printed classified advertisements, work wanted sites, which accentuate the prospective employees side and finally online recruiters who make use of other websites as a resource for finding clients and customers (Rudich, 2000; Taylor,2001). Lievens Harris (2003) Social Networking Figure 19 below shows the ages of social networkers for Facebook, MySpace, Flickr and LinkedIn. It is interesting to note that from about ages of 24 to over 60, LinkedIn has the highest percentage of users. However its peak is between the ages of 25 and 34, after which it drops off (WebMediaBrands Inc. 2010). Figure : Percentage of social Networking users across all ages (Web Media Brands Inc 2010) Although social networking sites have seen tremendous growth in the past few years, according to Michigan State Universitys Recruiting Trends 2010-2011, the use of social media for recruiting is still limited to only 28% of the 4,600 employers surveyed, predominantly among larger employers. Benefits and Costs of E-recruitment In most relevant literature there are some commonly identified benefits and downsides for the companies using online recruitment. The commonly cited advantages and drawbacks of online recruitment in the literature are as follows: Benefits of E-recruitment Reduced Costs According to Marr (2007) with the print advertising, the size of the advert and the publication itself impacts on the fee of the posting the advertisement whereas with internet advertising even with a small cost associated to it is relatively cheap compared to the potentially unlimited audience of this medium whereas Galanaki (2002) argue that the cost saving depends on the e-mailing approach adopted; Faster Processes As said by Galanaki (2002) adapted from Workforce 2000a, online recruitment shortened the recruiting cycle maximising HR time for strategic issues. Barber (2006) also emphasis on the fact that e-recruitment speed up the recruitment process, with instant posting of job online, processing the applications within minutes rather than weeks and response can be quick and direct. Wider range of applicants Barber (2006) stressed on the fact that this mean can be access 24 hours a day, 7 days per week; reaching a global applicant group in contrast to ad on national newspaper. Reputation and Brand With increased competitiveness in the market and the fear of remaining behind makes many human resource managers to hire through the net. Particularly associated with corporate website, internet recruitment is considered to attribute an image of innovation and flexibility and it also operate as a promoting tool. (Barber 2006; Galanaki 2002) Attract passive job seekers Internet recruitment can be used as an instrument to attract the most highly prized catch who are not necessarily looking for a job. Addressing specific labour market niches Internet is also perceived to be a technique to deal with particular labour market niches during the posting vacancies on websites for particular interest clusters, on electronic forums or discussions groups and this can boost the targeting potential of the medium ( Galanaki, 2002). But Marr (2007) argue that the drawback of this approach is that there is a possible issue for firms with regards to unfairness and equal opportunity employment. Costs of E-Recruitment Online recruitment offers tangible business benefits therefore as with all recruitment sources, there are not only exclusive benefits associated to the means but there are also a certain number of existing challenges faced by organisations, particularly in such a mechanised process,. An outline of the common disadvantages associated to e-recruitment will now be presented according to (Marr, 2007; Barber, 2006). High quantity of application When a high amount of applications is received, firms can be confronted to a number of real challenges. The negative outcomes of it can be the rising costs in administering recruitment and selection systems. An increase in the number of applications means that more time should be spent in screening the Cvs since filtering out unsuitable candidate is very resource intensive. Logistical problems With online recruitment the best-qualified candidates can live halfway around the world and in such a case, conducting screening interviews by telephone or email have to be considered which limits the expense of a personal meeting. If the process progress forward, it causes the problem of whether it has great significance of bringing the person in for an interview. The valuable time and possibly money will be wasted if it turns out the candidate wasnt serious about relocating. Technology issues When recruitment process requires filling out an application, to miss out qualified candidates who would rather send a resume can be possible. Some candidates may not feel confident enough with the security of applying online. Theres always the likelihood that the application system may function slowly or lose information during the submission process. Poor website In several circumstances, candidates who notice job posting will be relying on the website to get further information about the company and method of operation. If website is badly designed or outdated, the candidate may not even bother to reply. Theres also the risk that the site have inappropriate information concerning the candidates field. Too impersonal It can be perceived as quite impersonal since much of the online recruiting process might implicate emails and probably telephone interviews. When lacking multiple in-person interviews, it can be complicated to determine if candidates will align with the company culture. Candidates may also have a hard time estimating whether the company is the right place for them. Perception of Jobseeker The Internet and the Web have revolutionized the way people communicate. This revolution has not only had a radical change on ways of doing business, but also created new business models that did not exist in the past. The range of Internet applications grew fast due to emerging technologies and competitive business pressures. Since 1995, the Internet has witnessed a rapid development of innovative applications. Among these applications are online recruitment, which was adopted by many users worldwide due to the high potentials it brings to both job seekers and employers Azab (2005). Job seekers use third-party recruitment websites or electronic recruitment services to gather job information and post their resumes using Internet technology (Bartram, 2000; Scheyer McCarter, 1998). Third-party recruitment websites offering Internet-based recruitment services (hereafter job-search websites) provide media for connecting employers and job seekers. According to a study from the write pass journal (2011) which was carried out to discover the advantages of using online recruitment, and techniques in which it could be enhanced, at a leading UK technology firm; it seek to assess factors which influence jobseekers choice when submitting their application to a specific business by means of their corporate website. Moreover it argues that there are various factors affecting this choice such as: the accessibility of an open job opportunity, the corporate website lay out, web presence of the firm through adverts, blogs or web postings, relevant information available about organization and position on the companys website, the corporate branding of the organization, Previous knowledge of company and its operation, the availability of information on online job boards, participation in events such as career fairs, word of mouth from friends and employees, the easiness for application, online tests, feedback and recruitment process. In the Table below we can see what are the benefits and problems related to online recruitment from the perspective of Job seekers. Table 1: Common benefits and drawbacks of Internet recruitment for jobseekers Advantages Disadvantages Mauritius Case Study Mauritius has one of the highest standards of living in Africa. Strong emphasis is being placed on information and communication technology (ICT) as an important engine of economic growth in Mauritius. The National Broadband Policy 2012 2020 sets out a strategic vision for a broadband Intelligent Mauritius, branded as Towards i-Mauritius. Over one-fifth of Mauritians have are making use of broadband; the adoption is likely to maintain its growth, across diverse demographic clusters and age clusters. Internet access and usage Figures from the Statistics Mauritius further point out that in both 2010 and 2008 the use of computer and internet was highest among the young age groups and lowest among the higher age groups. Thus, in 2010, 85.2% of persons aged 12 to 19 were using a computer and 58.3% the internet, and 61.6% of persons aged 20 to 29 were using a computer and 50.7% the internet. Among those aged 50 to 59 years, 23.6% and 17.6% were using a computer and the internet respectively. According to AHRP magazine 2010 HR pros said that traditional networking and social networking are the most effective ways for professionals to find jobs, as indicated by a survey recently conducted by challenger, gray Christmas. Methods of recruitment in Mauritius In recent years, recruiting services have developed intensively in Mauritius. More and more mediators for employers and candidates are being formed. And currently, all recruitment agencies in Mauritius have online services which allow both employers and candidates to register themselves there. The addresses to be make use of for recruitment services are DCDM Recruitment rebranded as Talentaris which has its own online job portal named G3RS.com, Adecco which has merged with Service Bureau and Maujob recently and Appavoo Professional Recruitment, for the online service supported by an adviser as explained above, or myjob.mu, jobsite.mu which operates only online. They have the benefit of being efficient and specialized. However in Mauritius, the most commonly used means of communicating information are the newspapers. Thus most employers exploit the press to advertise vacancies. And the response rate for checking the press to find job is quite high because the Mauritian population is very attached to the national press. Yet LExpress can also be accessed online at the website of the company. Furthermore there are some radio stations that frequently run announcement for employment. Private radio stations such as Radio One and Radio Plus often announce any job offer in the midst of any emission. Private radio stations have high ratings and with this method, the results are very successful and fast. Emerging techniques of upcoming job offer Publications of job either in audio or on posters can be done through advertising agencies. The multinational Accenture is often called to encourage applications. When designed by advertising agencies, they have the benefit of the position value and attract the attention of the reader. Their effectiveness is proven through the actual response rate achieved by employers. Ads may also be webcast on the most visited websites, for example, the homepage of Orange Mauritius, Facebook, etc. Rates vary depending on site and some may even be free, like Facebook. There is a mailing service very fashionable offered by RKcom, but highly not recommended as their service is considered as SPAM and their mail outs usually targeted inappropriate recipients and the mailing service is not free. Other successful techniques To find a qualified staff, it is possible to go through the administration of tertiary institutions or training centers. The most famous being University of Mauritius, Charles Telfair Institute, the Centre for Graduate Studies, or Mauritius IVTB Employees Federation. The Ministry of Labour, through the database of Labour Office which register the unemployed people it help the later to find a suitable position. Employers often communicate their vacant jobs through the database facility offered by Labour Office. At the request of the employer, Labour Office can send the list of candidates seeking employment, by level of education. And in addition, word of mouth is a fairly common in Mauritius. The island is not so big and everyone knows each other. Communications are easily and quickly concluded (Senek 2012). Study One Within the study one, emphasis will be given on two components of the organisational perspective that is, firms that use their corporate website to attract applicants and an online job board which operates in Mauritius. This will give an insight of what are the advantages and disadvantages of shifting to online recruitment. What are the changes alongside with this move in their practices and strategies? Study Two Study two will examine the e-recruitment from the perspective of jobseekers in Mauritius. To investigate the various aspects that drive those to use online recruitment and analysing the benefits and problems related to their use of internet in their job search. Additionally this study will seek to test the following hypothesis: There is a relationship between privacy problems and intention to use online recruitment Research Type For the study one since only a little information is available on e-recruitment practices in Mauritian firms, thus qualitative data on e-recruitment development is more useful and important than quantitative data. Qualitative research will help to be explorative and classify, categorize or define the phenomena of E-recruitment in Mauritius in an organisational perspective. Consequently the most suitable methods that will be used will be interviews. For the study Two given that we have sufficient information and knowledge which is available on the use of e-recruitment for job search from the perspective of jobseekers and that we will seek to prove hypothesis and support, questionnaires will be suitable for collecting quantitative data that can be used in confirmatory studies using statistical analysis. Data type Primary Data For the purpose of this research, data has been collected from first-hand-experience which is known as primary data and this will include interview and survey questionnaire. Those primary data has not been published yet and is more reliable, authentic and objective. Since my primary data has not been changed or altered by human beings, therefore its validity is greater than secondary data. Using primary data in research from participants representatives of key players in e-recruitment, can improves the validity of research. First hand information obtained from a sample that is representative of the target population will yield data that will be valid for the entire targe

Canterville Ghost Summary Essay

The next morning, when the Otis family met at breakfast, they discussed the ghost at some length. The United States Minister was naturally a little annoyed to find that his present had not been accepted. â€Å"I have no wish,† he said, â€Å"to do the ghost any personal injury, and I must say that, considering the length of time he has been in the house, I don’t think it is at all polite to throw pillows at him,†Ã¢â‚¬â€œa very just remark, at which, I am sorry to say, the twins burst into shouts of laughter. â€Å"Upon the other hand,† he continued, â€Å"if he really declines to use the Rising Sun Lubricator, we shall have to take his chains from him. It would be quite impossible to sleep, with such a noise going on outside the bedrooms.† For the rest of the week, however, they were undisturbed, the only thing that excited any attention being the continual renewal of the blood-stain on the library floor. This certainly was very strange, as the door was always locked at night by Mr. Otis, and the windows kept closely barred. The chameleon-like colour, also, of the stain excited a good deal of comment. Some mornings it was a dull (almost Indian) red, then it would be vermilion, then a rich purple, and once when they came down for family prayers, according to the simple rites of the Free American Reformed Episcopalian Church, they found it a bright emerald-green. These kaleidoscopic changes naturally amused the party very much, and bets on the subject were freely made every evening. The only person who did not enter into the joke was little Virginia, who, for some unexplained reason, was always a good deal distressed at the sight of the blood-stain, and very nearly cried the morning it was emerald-green. The second appearance of the ghost was on Sunday night. Shortly after they had gone to bed they were suddenly alarmed by a fearful crash in the hall. Rushing down-stairs, they found that a large suit of old armour had become detached from its stand, and had fallen on the stone floor, while seated in a high-backed chair was the Canterville ghost, rubbing his knees with an expression of acute agony on his face. The twins, having brought their pea-shooters with them, at once discharged two pellets on him, with that accuracy of aim which can only be attained by long and careful practice on a writing-master, while the United States Minister covered him with his revolver, and called upon him, in accordance with Californian etiquette, to hold up his hands! The ghost started up with a wild shriek of rage, and swept through them like a mist, extinguishing Washington Otis’s candle as he passed, and so leaving them all in total darkness. On reaching the top of the staircase he recovered himself, and determined to give his celebrated peal of demoniac laughter. This he had on more than one occasion found extremely useful. It was said to have turned Lord Raker’s wig grey in a single night, and had certainly made three of Lady Canterville’s French governesses give warning before their month was up. He accordingly laughed his most horrible laugh, till the old vaulted roof rang and rang again, but hardly had the fearful echo died away when a door opened, and Mrs. Otis came out in a light blue dressing-gown. â€Å"I am afraid you are far from well,† she said, â€Å"and have brought you a bottle of Doctor Dobell’s tincture. If it is indigestion, you will find it a most excellent remedy.† The ghost glared at her in fury, and began at once to make preparations for turning himself into a large black dog, an accomplishment for which he was justly renowned, and to which the family doctor always attributed the permanent idiocy of Lord Canterville’s uncle, the Hon. Thomas Horton. The sound of approaching footsteps, however, made him hesitate in his fell purpose, so he contented himself with becoming faintly phosphorescent, and vanished with a deep churchyard groan, just as the twins had come up to him. On reaching his room he entirely broke down, and became a prey to the most violent agitation. The vulgarity of the twins, and the gross materialism of Mrs. Otis, were naturally extremely annoying, but what really distressed him most was that he had been unable to wear the suit of mail. He had hoped that even modern Americans would be thrilled by the sight of a Spectre in armour, if for no more sensible reason, at least out of respect for their natural poet Longfellow, over whose graceful and attractive poetry he himself had whiled away many a weary hour when the Cantervilles were up in town. Besides it was his own suit. He had worn it with great success at the Kenilworth tournament, and had been highly complimented on it by no less a person than the Virgin Queen herself. Yet when he had put it on, he had been completely overpowered by the weight of the huge breastplate and steel casque, and had fallen heavily on the stone pavement, barking both his knees severely, and bruising the kn uckles of his right hand. For some days after this he was extremely ill, and hardly stirred out of his room at all, except to keep the blood-stain in proper repair. However, by taking great care of himself, he recovered, and resolved to make a third attempt to frighten the United States Minister and his family. He selected Friday, August 17th, for his appearance, and spent most of that day in looking over his wardrobe, ultimately deciding in favour of a large slouched hat with a red feather, a winding-sheet frilled at the wrists and neck, and a rusty dagger. Towards evening a violent storm of rain came on, and the wind was so high that all the windows and doors in the old house shook and rattled. In fact, it was just such weather as he loved. His plan of action was this. He was to make his way quietly to Washington Otis’s room, gibber at him from the foot of the bed, and stab himself three times in the throat to the sound of low music. He bore Washington a special grudge, being quite aware that it was he who was in the habit of removing the famous Canterville blood-stain by means of Pinkerton’s Paragon Detergent. Having reduced the reckless and foolhardy youth to a condition of abject terror, he was then to proceed to the room occupied by the United States Minister and his wife, and there to place a clammy hand on Mrs. Otis’s forehead, while he hissed into her trembling husband’s ear the awful secrets of the charnel-house. With regard to little Virginia, he had not quite made up his mind. She had never insulted him in any way, and was pretty and gentle. A few hollow groans from the wardrobe, he thought, would be more than sufficient, or, if that failed to wake her, he might grabble at the counterpane with palsy-twitching fingers. As for the twins, he was quite determined to teach them a lesson. The first thing to be done was, of course, to sit upon their chests, so as to produce the stifling sensation of nightmare. Then, as their beds were quite close to each other, to stand between them in the form of a green, icy-cold corpse, till they became paralyzed with fear, and finally, to throw off the winding-sheet, and crawl round the room, with white, bleached bones and one rolling eyeball, in the character of â€Å"Dumb Daniel, or the Suicide’s Skeleton,† a _rà ´le_ in which he had on more than one occasion produced a great effect, and which he considered quite equal to his famous part of â€Å"Martin the Maniac, or the Masked Mystery.† At half-past ten he heard the family going to bed. For some time he was disturbed by wild shrieks of laughter from the twins, who, with the light-hearted gaiety of schoolboys, were evidently amusing themselves before they retired to rest, but at a quarter-past eleven all was still, and, as midnight sounded, he sallied forth. The owl beat against the window-panes, the raven croaked from the old yew-tree, and the wind wandered moaning round the house like a lost soul; but the Otis family slept unconscious of their doom, and high above the rain and storm he could hear the steady snoring of the Minister for the United States. He stepped stealthily out of the wainscoting, with an evil smile on his cruel, wrinkled mouth, and the moon hid her face in a cloud as he stole past the great oriel window, where his own arms and those of his murdered wife were blazoned in azure and gold. On and on he glided, like an evil shadow, the very darkness seeming to loathe him as he passed. Once he thought he heard something call, and stopped; but it was only the baying of a dog from the Red Farm, and he went on, muttering strange sixteenth-century curses, and ever and anon brandishing the rusty dagger in the midnight air. Finally he reached the corner of the passage that led to luckless Washington’s room. For a moment he paused there, the wind blowing his long grey locks about his head, and twisting into grotesque and fantastic folds the nameless horror of the dead man’s shroud. Then the clock struck the quarter, and he felt the time was come. He chuckled to himself, and turned the corner; but no sooner had he done so than, with a piteous wail of terror, he fell back, and hid his blanched face in his long, bony hands. Right in front of him was standing a horrible spectre, motionless as a carven image, and monstrous as a madman’s dream! Its head was bald and burnished; its face round, and fat, and white; and hideous laughter seemed to have writhed i ts features into an eternal grin. From the eyes streamed rays of scarlet light, the mouth was a wide well of fire, and a hideous garment, like to his own, swathed with its silent snows the Titan form. On its breast was a placard with strange writing in antique characters, some scroll of shame it seemed, some record of wild sins, some awful calendar of crime, and, with its right hand, it bore aloft a falchion of gleaming steel. Never having seen a ghost before, he naturally was terribly frightened, and, after a second hasty glance at the awful phantom, he fled back to his room, tripping up in his long winding-sheet as he sped down the corridor, and finally dropping the rusty dagger into the Minister’s jack-boots, where it was found in the morning by the butler. Once in the privacy of his own apartment, he flung himself down on a small pallet-bed, and hid his face under the clothes. After a time, however, the brave old Canterville spirit asserted itself, and he determined to go and speak to the other ghost as so on as it was daylight. Accordingly, just as the dawn was touching the hills with silver, he returned towards the spot where he had first laid eyes on the grisly phantom, feeling that, after all, two ghosts were better than one, and that, by the aid of his new friend, he might safely grapple with the twins. On reaching the spot, however, a terrible sight met his gaze. Something had evidently happened to the spectre, for the light had entirely faded from its hollow eyes, the gleaming falchion had fallen from its hand, and it was leaning up against the wall in a strained and uncomfortable attitude. He rushed forward and seized it in his arms, when, to his horror, the head slipped off and rolled on the floor, the body assumed a recumbent posture, and he found himself clasping a white dimity bed-curtain, with a sweeping-brush, a kitchen cleaver, and a hollow turnip lying at his feet! Unable to understand this curious The whole thing flashed across him. He had been tricked, foiled, and out-witted! The old Canterville look came into his eyes; he ground his toothless gums together; and, raising his withered hands high above his head, swore according to the picturesque phraseology of the antique school, that, when Chanticleer had sounded twice his merry horn, deeds of blood would be wrought, and murder walk abroad with silent feet. Hardly had he finished this awful oath when, from the red-tiled roof of a distant homestead, a cock crew. He laughed a long, low, bitter laugh, and waited. Hour after hour he waited, but the cock, for some strange reason, did not crow again. Finally, at half-past seven, the arrival of the housemaids made him give up his fearful vigil, and he stalked back to his room, thinking of his vain oath and baffled purpose. There he consulted several books of ancient chivalry, of which he was exceedingly fond, and found that, on every occasion on which this oath had been used, Chanticleer had always crowed a second time. â€Å"Perdition seize the naughty fowl,† he muttered, â€Å"I have seen the day when, with my stout spear, I would have run him through the gorge, and made him crow for me an ’twere in death!† He then retired to a comfortable lead coffin, and stayed there till evening.