The Do This, Get That Guide On Essay Topics for Dracula

The Do This, Get That Guide On Essay Topics for Dracula There's no need to be worried about any sort of infringements. The number one rule for virtually any formatting guideline is to at all times be consistent. In the speaking section, you have to be confident of what you speak. The name comes from a Chivalric order known as the Order of the Dragon. The War Against Essay Topics for Dracula The sole difference is that different architects utilize various styles in telling their stories. Sometimes writers are requested to adhere to a definite number of words. Because of certain aspects in the writers life and due to certain symbolism a lot of sexual meaning was given to each part of the book. The novel functions as a bridge linking the author and the large quantities of folks who read the novel. It is essential to read the book with Dracula among its characters. At this time you're prepared to fight vampires! Pick the most critical conflict in the novel Dracula, analyze this, and explain your selection. Put simply, the politician who would like a vote, or the fake news websites that just need a click. Your photo and comments will show up on the web. Writing sections, it's very critical for you in case you write your own words. Most professors do not need a title page, so it's unnecessary unless they specify otherwise. Symbolism Also part of the book are the sexual symbols. This understanding is extremely near the very nature of the book, but still contains subjective opinions. It doesn't mean that you are able to copy the ideas. Moreover, writing composition is just putting the relevant sentences with each other to exhibit one's understanding together with perception about a topic. So far as essay structure goes, a 4 or 5 paragraph essay based on the number of points you are going to want to argue is a great start. Last words of advice are to seek advice from your teacher after deciding the subject of analogy essays since they might would like you to write on something else or claim you haven't crafted the proper topic etc.. The very first part, where the examiner takes your interview, is quite a light personal conversation. Use specific textual evidence to compose an essay relating to this contrast. Always remember to talk to your instructor if you're writing a paper for a class. As soon as you buy the printed book, you have the ability to pass information with that book to others. In addition, it needs to be relevant to the writer. You can get the ability to write and do anything you need to a printed book so long as it belongs to you. The Essay Topics for Dracula Cover Up The world's most famed vampire has been undead for more than a century. The story is written by hand in ink and a number of the story couldn't be read because it was damaged by water. The character Dracula is one of the most well-known characters. God is believed to have told Judas that he'd fear sunlight and the light of day and that he'd roam the evening. The End of Essay Topics for Dracula When you start focusing on more positive things you commence attracting positive conditions. Thus, the focus won't be Leadsom's possible homophobia, it'll be her argument that parents ought to have a right to make a decision as to what lessons their children are being taught, or any time they're exposed' to certain info. My desire to be a citizen of earth and an advocate for my very own ancestral home evolved throughout recent years. Scholarly help is a somewhat tricky market where deception can be found all around the place. Essay Topics for Dracula Secrets That No One Else Knows About So many folks think IELTS Exam is valid only in the united kingdom or Aus tralia and, for instance, it's not valid in the united states, New Zealand, etc.. The IB Diploma utilises external examinations with many different question formats as its principal mode of assessment, along with internal assessments. Courses are offered at both a normal level and a high degree, with the greater level becoming more advanced (240 teaching hours in comparison to the typical level's 150). Students seeking admission will often sit for three or more A-levels. The IGCSE is provided in many nations, including some global schools in the united kingdom. Students who opt for the A-level route is going to take a minimum of three A-level subjects, but might elect to have a fourth based on their academic strengths and their post-secondary objectives. There's no lack of education possibilities accessible to expat children. If you find yourself with a high score in IELTS, then there are many doors open for you in case you need to study in Canada, Australia or some other country.

The Bridge Between The Middle Ages And The Renaissance Era...

History is a vast ocean of time and regions, yet some are seen as more influential than others.The Renaissance can be described as an era in which science and culture mixed, therefore creating waves of innovation that rippled throughout the entire planet. In the 14th century, Rome had long fallen, and centuries of Christianity had taken Europe. Crusades were led across vast regions, as well traders traveling to the east and discovering new goods to sell and trade.This began exploration into other cultures, particularly past ideologies. Early Rome and ancient Greece were studied and the studies of Pluto were rediscovered. This new interest was accelerated by The Great Papal Schism of 1378 in which three men decreed themselves the Pope at the same time. During this period of religious uncertainty a movement of â€Å"Humanism† was rediscovered. People had the desire to study forgotten texts, and learn the ideas of the past. The bridge between the Middle Ages and The Renaissance e ra were beginning to be built. This time period of rediscovery is known as the â€Å"Proto-Renaissance† and lasted between 1200-1400. Where it all began, the influence of humanism, and the artists that attributed will be the subject of this essay. During the period of Proto-Renaissance the entirety of Europe established different developments in each of it’s regions, yet Florence and Sienna experienced copious amounts of innovation. Artists and Scholars searched, studied and emulated the teachings of theShow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance : A Rebirth Of The Ideas Of Ancient Greece923 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance was a rebirth of the ideas of ancient Greece and Rome that began in the City States of Italy during the 14th century. The cultural resurgence began a new style of living in Europe after the horrors of the black death, and is seen as the beginning of the culture of the modern world. As Wassace K. Ferguson put in his book The Renaissance, the Italian artists grew tired of the darkness of Medieval Times and began to turn to the brighter times found in the classical ages (Doc 7). TheRead MoreComparing Art And The Baroque Eras989 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Art of the Renaissance and the Baroque Eras The Renaissance and the Baroque eras created some of the most famous works of art produced in the world. The two eras expressed differences in style and theme, but they also have many characteristics in common. To better understand the similarities of the eras it will be described by the characteristics, styles and the influences of each; Renaissance and Baroque works of art. Famous artist from the Renaissance era were Leonard da Vinci and MichelangeloRead More Middle Ages Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesMiddle Ages The history of the modern world derives from thousands of years of human history. 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ActingRead MoreCompare And Contrast Different Literature Periods1452 Words   |  6 Pageswill demonstrate the relation between the literature and social events, and how authors affected and contributed to form those periods, also I will try to compare two different literature periods. The Renaissance (rebirth period) The Renaissance is an era started in Italy and it came to England in the sixteenth century that made an end to the dark ages whose knew before it. This period became the bridge who access between the middle ages and the modern history. Renaissance is a French word means rebirthRead MoreA Short Note On The Arch Of Constantine887 Words   |  4 PagesEmpire. His legacy is known for his bold changes and accomplishments in uniting the empire making it become more powerful once again and his outlawing of paganism, and curbing Christians from persecutions. The Arch of Constantine was erected between 312 and 315 AD., in Rome adjacent to the Coliseum to commemorate Constantine’s triumph over Maxentius in a victory that united the empire and insured its transition into the Eastern Roman Empire known as the Byzantine Empire, with its capital ConstantinopleRead MoreIf Rome Never Fell2888 Words   |  12 PagesBC. The republic consisted of citizens voting on representatives called senators, much like America today; However, to be elected one was traditionally a noble. After struggles for equality within the government, Rome pulled together and began its age of great expansion. Rome began taking control of the entire Mediterranean region, and Europe and could not stop its conquest. In its prime the Roman empire stretched as far west as Portugal to Persia in the east, and as far north as Britain to North

Miseries of the African Communities in a Post-Independent Socio-Political State free essay sample

Miseries of the African Communities in a post-independent socio-political state The African communities, over different time and space, were not able to cope up with the Europeanised socio-political norms and laws, after gaining their independence from their ‘white’ rulers. The European colonisers had successfully converted the African ‘barbaric tribes’ into so-called ‘civilised communities’ by enforcing their ‘superior’ culture, religion, language and aesthetics with the help of the gunpowder; yet they could not erase from the minds of the several million slaves the idea of their own roots which they had left behind in the ‘black continent’ ever since the beginning of the policy of colonisation and the establishment of socio-political and economic hierarchy and supremacy by the Europeans. The African communities after gaining freedom from their ‘white’ rulers were however unable to manage the state of beings, leading to widespread misery, desperation, melancholy and desolation in their own community. They, as a matter of fact, had inherited not only a so-called ‘civilised’ religion, language, dress code or food habits from their European masters but also imitated the Europeans in their exercise of ‘political power’, ‘corruption’ and ‘oppression’, after gaining liberation from the ‘whites’. Let us take into consideration four novels, all written in the twentieth century in European languages, which clearly throws some light on the miseries faced by the common people of the African communities and the desperation that they stand in front of. The Kingdom of This World  (El reino de este mundo), a novel by  the Cuban  author  Alejo Carpentier, published in 1949 in Spanish, is a work of  historical fiction which conveys the story of  Haiti  before, during, and after the  Haitian Revolution  against the French colonisers, as witnessed by its protagonist, Ti Noel. Ahmadou Kourouma’s first novel The Suns of Independence (Les soleils des independances),  published in 1970 in French, posted a criticism to the post-colonial governments in Africa and provided a determination to protest against the betrayal of legitimate African aspirations at the dawn of independence in Cote d’Ivoire. Toni Morrison’s Jazz and Richard Wright’s Native Son, both published in English and both of which are set in two of  the major African-American infested areas of the United States of America, the neighbourhood of Harlem in New York City and Chicago’s south-side ghetto respectively, in the twenties and the thirties of the earlier century, are both projections of the miseries and the humiliations faced by the African-American community in the United States of America, even after the banishment of slavery. Alejo Carpentier’s The Kingdom of This World  takes place prior to, during, and after the Haitian Revolution which led to the pronouncement of Haitian independence in 1804. This revolution was a turning point in global history as unlike the American Revolution, the Haitian Revolution witnessed the rise of a ‘black’ ruler of African origin replacing the French colonisers which was unthinkable and therefore challenged the prejudices of its time. Embedded with  magic realism, the novel through the perspective of its central character, Ti Noel, describes the oppressions conducted by the French colonisers and the plantation owners over the African slaves; the mythical beliefs and the importance of voodoo in the African culture through the character Mackandal; the vulgarity and the crudity of the rebellion of the slaves against the colonisers; and the oppression of the African community as faced during the rule of Henri Christophe, the first black ruler of Haiti. Ti Noel after buying his passage from a plantation owner based in Santiago, comes back to discover a free Haiti. Now much older, he realizes that he has returned to the former plantation of Lenormand de Mezy for whom he used to slave. Though Haiti has been freed from the colonisers and is being ruled by a ‘black’ man, he is unexpectedly thrown into prison and once again made to work as a slave among children, pregnant girls, women, and old men. Henri Christophe, formerly a cook and now the king of Haiti, after the uprising against the colonisers, is using the slaves to construct lavish statues, figures, and a magnificent fortress. According to Ti Noel, slavery under Henri Christophe was worse than that endured at the hands of Lenormand de Mezy. He escapes and returns to the former plantation of his old European master, where he stays up for some time, and later returns to the city to find it completely wrapped up by the fear of Henri Christophes regime. The oppression faced by the African community during the rule of Henri Christophe, as projected by Carpientier, surpasses that which has been portrayed to describe the domination of the French colonisers and the plantation owners. Carpientier has clearly shown that though the revolution had brought about the advent of a ‘black’ ruler, it had changed nothing for the common masses of the African community. With the new government being equally oppressive and corrupt, it only brought about much more misery, ignominy and desolation for the common people of the African community. Determined to speak out against the oppressive nature of the post-colonial African nations, Ahmadou Kourouma writes an experimental fiction, his first  novel,  The Suns of Independence, while still  in exile. The central character of the novel, Fama, the last chief of the once-powerful Dumbuya tribe that ruled over Horodugu, an area that has now been divided between two newly independent African states, the Ebony Coast and the Socialist Republic of Nikinai, is a Malinke who inherits the position of the leader of this once great territory. But according to Kourouma, â€Å"In a world turned upside-down, Fama had inherited an honour without the means to uphold it, like a headless snake. † (Kourouma). He has been transformed into a poor city dweller and is far removed from his home-town, and is quite unable to find his own place in this complex new world. The other members of his society still show respect for who he is, and yet he is quite naturally a part of a world that has largely been lost. Fama is married, but he and his wife, Salimata, have not been able to have a child and he is aware of the fact that his lineage will die out with him. The beautiful but increasingly desperate Salimata also has a tragic history, as her initiation into womanhood (a brutal ritual) was botched, and she then taken advantage of. She is now obsessed with becoming pregnant and always tries to do good, being generous and devout, but goodness here is rarely rewarded. She certainly suffers for it. The disinherited heir of Dumbuya royalty, Fama ekes out a living using his status to beg at ceremonies, and through the efforts of his wife Salimata. Arriving in Binja, where Salimata is from, he, according to the author, â€Å"was prepared to unsheath his tongue and lash out with a cut-and-thrust denunciation of the bastard politicians and suns of Independence. But they cut him short. The republics single party forbade villagers to listen to anything people arriving from the capital city might say about politics. † (Kourouma). He does not fit well in this changed world and his personality clashes with the post-independence expectations. People still make allowances for him for what he stands for, but it is clear that he is a relic from an archaic period. When his cousin dies, he returns to his native village to reclaim what is left of his inheritance, which he succeeds in doing with the help of a praise-singer and a fetish-priest. He arrives in his native Togobala, a place of â€Å"seething passivity† and the people are worn out by the turmoil of the post-independence adjustments. Traditions are upheld and the burial ceremony of his cousin, the previous chief of the Dumbuya, is celebrated as elaborately as possible, nearly as in the old days. But the world that existed in the post-colonial period is not the same. According to the author, â€Å"Truly the suns of Independence are unsuited to great things; they have not only unmanned, but also unmagicked Africa. †(Kourouma). When he returns to the capital with one of his new wives, however, he unwisely becomes involved in politics and is imprisoned and later is freed and it all remains incomprehensible to him. He tries to focus only on his duty, on what he knows must be done, but he largely fails here too. Finally he tries to swim across the river in order to go to his homeland but instead is killed by a crocodile. Kourouma projects the miseries of an individual, a Dumbuya chief who is stripped of his royalty, and who loses all his importance in a period of post-colonial Africa. His presentation is not taut, as threads are picked up and lost, but as both Fama and Salimata are lost souls this mild disorientation works well and he tells a variety of tales and describes the conditions of the people belonging to the ‘new’ order of the world in a post-colonial state of mind. Toni Morrison’s novel, Jazz, is a projection of the lifestyle lead by the African community in the neighbourhood of Harlem in New York City. This novel is set up in the twenties of the earlier century, when the United States had already been freed from the curse of slavery; where the common ‘black’ man is still oppressed socially, economically and even politically; where a member of the African- American society still has to suffer for his skin-colour and creed; where he is still searching for a way-out to establish his own national identity. Jazz  begins with a recap of Dorcass murder and Violets attack on her corpse. The couple, Violet and Joe Trace, that kills and then defaces the young girl seem immediately to be evil and immoral characters but surprisingly Morrison goes on to flesh them out and to explain, in part, that their violent acts stem from suppressed anguish and disrupted childhoods. Morrison traces the violence of the urban characters back to Virginia, where generations of enslavement and poverty tore families apart. Subtly, Morrison suggests that the black on black violence of the City carries over from the physical and psychic violence committed against the race as a whole. She interweaves allusions to racial violence into her story with a neutral tone that lets the historical facts speak for themselves. Further, her descriptions of scenes are often filled with violence, as she discusses buildings which are cut but a razor like line of sunlight. Even her narrative is violently constructed with stories wrenched apart, fragmented, and retold in a way that mirrors the splintered identities of the novels principal characters. The novel borrows its title from Jazz music and the idea of music is discussed throughout the novel. Alice Manfred, an elderly woman who happened to be Dorcas’ aunt, and the Miller sisters, Dorcas’ baby sitter, interprets jazz music as the anthem of hell. The passion and pleasure that Dorcas and Violet find in the music is contrasted with the musical treatment of Joe’s crime. When he stalks and shoots Dorcas, it is at a party where loud music is being played to incite passion, â€Å"boil† the blood and â€Å"encourage† misbehaviour. For the entire novel, music is the weapon that the City wields to control its citizens. The seasons and weather are determined by the presence of clarinet players in the street. Music also bears a sadness that can be juxtaposed to Violet’s ribaldry and Joe’s flared passion. Wilds disappearance takes place as her body is replaced with a trace of music and this sound haunts Joe’s memory for the rest of his life. Similarly, the â€Å"blues man† who walks the streets becomes the â€Å"black-and blues man† and finally, the â€Å"black-therefore-I’m-blues man,† providing a critique of racism. The â€Å"blues† songs that the characters evoke are largely the consequence of suffering brought about by America’s racist traditions. Like in Toni Morrison’s Jazz, Richard Wright in his novel, Native Son, had proposed the notion that racial discrimination and oppression was one of the main reasons of committing a crime in the nineteenth century and the earlier half of the twentieth century in the United States of America by individuals coming from the lower strata of the African-American community. Richard Wright’s treatment of his protagonist, Bigger Thomas’ psychological vices provides us with an alternative viewpoint on the oppressive and harsh effect racism had on the people belonging to the African-American community in America in the earlier half of the twentieth century. The disturbances in Bigger’s psychological nature, a twenty year old uneducated African-American who grew up in the southern side of Chicago, are due to the constant racial oppression that he faces since his childhood, due to the racist propaganda in the society at that time. He grew up in a family which lived in overcrowded and unclean conditions, enduring negligence and a socially imposed state of impoverishment and with almost no opportunity for pursuing education. Bigger Thomas’ consequential approach toward whites is an impulsive amalgamation of anger and fear. He does not treat the whites as an individual instead he conceives of them as a strong and hostile force that he has to oppose and overcome in life. To him, the whites are one entity who cannot be trusted at any time. Bigger kills Mary Dalton, the daughter of his employer, and in order to hide his crime, burns her body in the house’s furnace. But his murder of Mary does not incite the feeling of guilt in him, as a matter of fact, he experiences a strange triumph as he feels that he has affirmed his own identity in opposition to the white community that have plotted against them to destroy their society. After Mary’s murder, Bigger feels confident that he can overcome the whites. He plans to send a letter to Mr. Dalton, his employer and Mary’s father, asking for a ransom against the release of his daughter, who still knows that Mary is alive. But the bones of Mary are discovered from the Dalton’s furnace. He then escapes with his girlfriend, Bessie, to an uninhabited building, whom he later raped and then beat with a brick to death. He was finally arrested and put on trial. The ‘whites’ use Bigger’s offence as a ploy to terrify and terrorise the whole South Side of Chicago that was inhabited by the blacks. Jan, Mary’s communist boyfriend, visits Bigger in prison and realises about the fact that they actually frightened Bigger, earlier, by violating the social taboos that were created due to a grave racial discrimination in the United States of America. He appoints his friend Boris A. Max to fight his case in the court of justice. They treat him benevolently, giving him the respect of a human being. Wright has then portrayed that the conception of Bigger, in respect to the whites, changes and he starts seeing them as individuals and not a single entity, as he used to. Max attempts to bail Bigger out of the death penalty, stating that while he is accountable for his offence, it is also essential to understand the fact that he grew up in a social environment which has been oppressed, humiliated, abused and exploited by the white administration and hence a share of the blameworthiness for Bigger’s crimes also fall on the apprehensive, discouraging reality that he has experienced since his birth. Max cautions that if this inequality and racial oppression does not end then this vicious sequence of detestation and retribution will continue without doubt. In spite of Max’s presentation of his ideas, Bigger is not waived off the death sentence. [pic] All through the novel, Richard Wright demonstrates the manner in which the racist whites oppresses and compels the African-American into a cornered and hence a precarious psychological mindset. Blacks are overwhelmed with the adversity of economic oppressions and are enforced to perform mannerly before the whites, their oppressors. Provided with such surroundings, as Max debates, it is almost anticipated that people belonging to the African-American society such as Bigger will respond with aggression and abhorrence. However, Wright highlights the vicious cycle of racism and its effects. Though Bigger’s hostility arises from racial discrimination, it only amplifies the feelings of racism in the American society because it validates the basic fear that the racially prejudiced whites’ experiences about the blacks. In Wright’s depiction, ‘whites’ efficiently change the blacks into negative stereotypes whom they can detest. Richard Wright, through the portrayal of Bigger Thomas’ character in The Native Son has presented the perspective that racism and oppression is one of the basic causes for committing a crime. Finally, to conclude, we can clearly see how the African communities, once transformed into European clones not only fails to cope up with the Europeanised worldview but also faces an ultimate form of misery, melancholy and desolation to keep up with the social changes. Alejo Carpentier’s novel, The Kingdom of This World, project the fascist nature of the Haitian black ruler Henri Christophe, soon after the Haitian independence from French domination; and the miseries of the ‘black’ society in Haiti. Ahmadou Kourouma’s first novel, The Suns of Independence, shows the efforts made by a Dumbuya chief, Fama, to search for his own identity in the midst of a changing world in the post-colonial era in Africa; and his desolation from the real state-of-beings in the society. Toni Morrison’s Jazz and Richard Wright’s Native Son are both projections of the violence, despondence, and the trauma of the African-American community in a racist and oppressive society. Finally, as Gabriel Garcia Marquez, in his noble lecture, puts it in case of the Latin American countries, also does apply to the African communities in the different parts of the world who spend every day in fear, misery, desperation and solitude that â€Å"In spite of this, to oppression, plundering and abandonment, we respond with life. Neither floods nor plagues, famines nor cataclysms, nor even the eternal wars of century upon century, have been able to subdue the persistent advantage of life over death. An advantage that grows and quickens: every year, there are seventy-four million more births than deaths, a sufficient number of new lives to multiply, each year, the population of New York sevenfold. Most of these births occur in the countries of least resources including, of course, those of Latin America. Conversely, the most prosperous countries have succeeded in accumulating powers of destruction such as to annihilate, a hundred times over, not only all the human beings that have existed to this day, but also the totality of all living beings that have ever drawn breath on this planet of misfortune. On a day like today, my master  William Faulkner  said, â€Å"I decline to accept the end of man†. I would fall unworthy of standing in this place that was his, if I were not fully aware that the colossal tragedy he refused to recognize thirty-two years ago is now, for the first time since the beginning of humanity, nothing more than a simple scientific possibility. Faced with this awesome reality that must have seemed a mere utopia through all of human time, we, the inventors of tales, who will believe anything, feel entitled to believe that it is not yet too late to engage in the creation of the opposite utopia. A new and sweeping utopia of life, where no one will be able to decide for others how they die, where love will prove true and happiness be possible, and where the races condemned to one hundred years of solitude will have, at last and forever, a second opportunity on earth. † (Marquez).

The Joys of Motherhood free essay sample

THE CHANGING PARADIGMS OF THE LOVE LAWS The Joys of Motherhood, by Buchi Emecheta, describes the hardships of life in West-Africa from the perspective of Nnu Ego. The novel reveals the byproducts of development and colonialism in West-Africa; byproducts that affect society’s hierarchy of gender and subservience. Through the Englishman’s intervention in West-Africa, the economic well-being of families is greatly restored. However, this supposed positive change also casts many negative circumstances, in which the gender roles of male and female become more fluid. The shifting of gender roles within The Joys of Motherhood is a direct consequence of the colonialism and economic development of West-Africa. This traditional alteration as a direct result of economic enticement affects Arundhati Roy’s, Love Laws, when economics becomes the overriding factor in life itself. The Love Laws are governed by one’s economical standings. If a person brings no financial incentive to the table, then they become less loved. We will write a custom essay sample on The Joys of Motherhood or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Cordelia said, when talking about her husband Ubani, (CH4) â€Å"Men here are too busy being white men’s servants to be men. We women mind the home. Not our husbands. Their manhood has been taken away from them. The shame is that they don’t know it. † When colonialism met traditional twentieth century West-African society, it completely altered the roles of men. Nnu Ego agreed with Cordelia, saying that it felt like she was wedded to a middle-aged woman during the first stage of her second marriage, when Nnu Egos husband Nniafe was working for the Meers. Nnu Ego also has little respect for Nniafe, as she criticizes not only Nniafes conscious subordination by the Meer family, but also the fact that he takes pride in his job. This subservient role men play is not necessarily caused by Colonialism, but rather the capitalist based labor system they imposed upon West-African society. Men are only acting on behalf of the economic incentive working for colonialists gives them. Nniafe and Ubani take no regard towards the dignity and masculinity of their jobs. Since the colonization and development of West-Africa, the paradigm has adopted a new hierarchal prototype based on fiscal power. All other cultural aspects of life also take the second tier. This compromises their role as superiors, as they are now cast on the second tier. It also consumes their once predetermined power and the vivid line between males and females. These sentiments resonate the constant theme in the novel, that Lagos corrupts and permanently alters tradition. This in turn robs one of his individual identity and manhood. However, the Love Laws stay intact. No matter how Cordelia and Nnu Ego react towards their husbands serfdom by the Meers, they are still in full dependence. Societal tradition and culture are rendered obsolete when facing the Love Laws, since the only weighing factor on who should be loved is ones economic well-being. God, when will you create a woman who will be fulfilled in herself, a full human being, not anybody’s appendage? she prayed desperately. † As an Ibo mother, Nnu Ego has the expectation of others to prepare her sons for the future. The ones who bear the brunt are Nnu Ego’s daughters. Women are not expected to live a full life. They are expected to birth children, preferably sons, and rig htfully do their penance to provide their sons with the best future possible. Girls have little worth in the traditional West-African culture. Their only value is the bride price they manage to stamp on their forehead. Women are expected to shadow their husbands’ identity, with no worth to themselves apart from the future generations they breed. However, the quote also brings up Nnu Egos extremely pivotal hypothesis: the idea of foregoing a collective society for a more individualistic and autonomous one. Colonialism delivered a new economic and social order to Lagos, in which the role of both men and women has changed. Has Nnu Ego found an outlet to the suppressed life that women currently live in Lagos? She watches her husband perform the daily chores of a supreme woman, one with divine power over men. Nniafe is laundering clothes for Mrs. Meers, feeling no subservience or regret. Nnu Ego begins to anticipate the changes in the traditional culture, as a direct result from colonial influence. The economic shift, that was brought over by the colonists, had one very impacting side effect: with money, comes independence. She shift in gender roles began to dwell in Nnu Egos mind, as she anticipated a future where women will be of prime importance, rather than simply being used to serve their superiors and collective society at the expense of themselves. By stimulating your own economic well-being, Nnu Ego can lived a self-fulfilled life, one without the influence of men. Nnu Ego is envisioning a world that will allow her to be more loved. If she manages to provide an adequate amount of money for herself and her family, they will love her more. If she can become more individualistic, they will love her more. In this scenario, in which Nnu Ego forecasts a world where individual finances dictate who should be loved, the gender line between male and female roles becomes almost outmoded by economic incentives. However, there is one major factor that is standing in the way of her enlightened future. Ironically, it is also a womens only worth: children. â€Å"Her love and duty for her children were like her chain of slavery. † This quote stands as the antithesis of the books title, and it proves to be true throughout the book. Instead of Nnu Ego and the many other women in the Ibo community living a self-fulfilling life, motherhood casts on them a sense of enslavement. This sense of enslavement is also Nnu Egos sense of identity. Her foremost function is to bear children, seeing that it is the only way of achieving rank and respect in the eyes of society. Nnu Egos struggle between achieving independence and respect is a double-edge sword. When she cannot impregnate herself, she fears she will become a disrespected cast-away of society. However, her lack of reliance gives her a knack for self-sufficiency. On the other hand (or sword), once Nnu Ego is able to produce children, she becomes ill-equipped to provide for them, and loses her freedom of self. The quote shows a very distinct paradox between a womans intent to bear children, and her overall goal for independence. It also shows the changing paradigms of the Love Laws. Ever since colonialism and development of Africa, the economic incentives have rewarded people financially for making certain choices and behaving in a certain way, that is, working for the Englishmen. This is a form of competitive employment and allows for socioeconomic polarization, as the incentively propelled workers are taking more initiative towards performing well, and less towards their social environment. Social constituents may tend to lose the cultural-catalysis in mens inter-personal relations amid their cut-and-dry lifestyle. This, in turn, culturally bounds their sense of responsibility and spirit. These husbands detachment to traditional living causes their wives to see their transformation and emancipation over time. Nnu Ego not only sees the subordination and cultural-loss of her husband, fueled by money, but also the independence that individual ambition gives him. She notices the changing dynamics of the Love Laws, as she starts to become less loved and Nniafe becomes more loved. While Nnu Ego is trying to nurture her children out of poverty, enslaved to her kids, Nniafe is acting on individual initiative. The Love Laws have changed, because whether Nnu Ego likes it or not, she isnt the provider for the family. â€Å"She had been trying to be traditional in a modern urban setting. It was because she wanted to be a woman of Ibuza in a town like Lagos that she lost her child. This time she was going to play according to the new rules. † Nnu Ego cannot hold onto to her traditions when society is becoming culturally-bounded due to economic incentives. You can never step into the same river; for new waters are always flowing on to you. † The fact that economics surpasses all other cultural, social, and traditional incentives represents the changing paradigms in the Love Laws. . In Nnu Egos traditional vision of the family, individual concerns are secondary to the livelihood of the group. Nniafe was acting on individual initiative. What dictates who sh ould be loved is economical. This is a direct consequence of the colonization of West-Africa. The colonialism of West-Africa positively charged the economy and negatively cast the traditional culture on the second-tier. In effect, the line discerning gender roles became more transparent. Adam Smith, father of modern economics, once said â€Å"individual ambition serves the common good†. In the economic sense, this statement is true. It transcends to Nniafe and Nnu Ego, and also their children Adim, Oshia, and Kehinde, who all retaliate against strict hierarchies implicit in the family structure and dethrone the mantle of tradition by having what is most taboo in their culture: individual ambition.

Until Whenever Do Us Part essays

Until Whenever Do Us Part essays Websters Dictionary says that marriage is the act of marrying, or the state of being married; legal union of a man and a woman for life, as husband and wife; wedlock; matrimony. It also says that divorce is to dissolve the marriage contract of, either wholly or partially; to separate by divorce. Yet theres no way that either definition can even begin to describe the magnitude of either arrangement. They cant describe the commitment that a marriage entails. They cant describe the pain that divorce can cause. They cant show the level of compatibility that marriage requires. And they cant show the causes of divorce. But Im hoping that this paper can. My goal in writing this is to show that marriage is taken too lightly and yet is something that society shoves down our throats as something we are required to do before death. I will attempt to show the causes of divorce and how we can avoid them by abstaining from marriage in the first place. It is my hope that despite the extre meness of my argument, I will be able to put marriage into perspective and show that the risk of divorce outweighs the benefits of marriage. According to the US Census Bureau, in 1998 2.2 million American couples were married and 1.1 million American couples divorced. Also, 60% of all divorces occur in people between the ages of 25 to 39. Then why is it that people get divorced? On the whole, I think it is because young people dont understand the gravity of marriage. And when theyve entered it and experienced it, they find that its not for them or much more commonly they blame it on the person that they were married to. I asked some people why they got divorced and I heard many different responses. She was crazy, He was overbearing, We couldnt stand each other, and I just couldnt live with someone like that ...

Hiring Someone to Write a Term Paper

Hiring Someone to Write a Term Paper Hiring Someone to Write a Term Paper In our days, this is no longer a problem to hire a writer for your academic papers. Depending on the sphere of your academic knowledge and the individual characteristics of your writing style, you may find the soul mate among the staff of the online custom writing companies. In such companies, there is usually a wide range of writers specializing in different subjects and proficient in composing the academic papers of various kinds. So, everything you need to do is to find the credible online-based company, order the first paper with them, then the second and the third ones if needed and find the writer who knows how to satisfy you and your most demanding teacher. A proficient and skillful academic term paper writer is to possess several qualities due to which they may be distinguished among the others. First of all, they need to have the in-depth and thorough knowledge of the subject. This may be Geography of Math, Sports of Classical English Literature. No matter what your profiling subject is, you will definitely find the writer who is good at it. What is more, the writer needs to know how to format the paper accordingly, in other words they need to be aware of the basic formatting styles, that of MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard and others. And what is even more important, your writer needs to satisfy the instructions given by you and your tutor. This is the quality of utmost importance, since the personal approach towards writing term papers is not always good for a custom term papers writer. On the contrary, they need to know how to apply your research techniques and practices to make your term paper sound professional and completed according to the demands. The financial aspect of your cooperation with the term paper writer plays not the last role in the entire business relation with them. The writer whom you have selected to cooperate with should be moderate in pricing the paper, right? Everyone knows that students can not afford to spend much money on the custom paper writing services, so the term paper writer of yours is to be aware of this statement as well. The prices for their pages are to be moderate and coincide with the average ones in the industry. Once you ensure that the writer’s work and efforts cost more, you may offer them a slight increasing of the price and this could become one more motivational factor for the writer to keep on cooperating with you. All in all, you would learn how to understand each other better and your cooperation would turn into a friendly and mutually beneficial one. Feel free to hire a paper writer at writing service for ordering a high-quality custom term paper on any topic.

Class Discussion cis 242 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Class Discussion cis 242 - Essay Example Operators and values are used to define a condition. The operators can be Relational and Logical operators that are used to compare two values; however, Logical operators are also used to combine two or more conditions. An example is given below for illustration of decision making structure using conditions, operators and values: /* â€Å"&&† a logical operator used to compare two conditions, the first condition is either â€Å"a† is greater than â€Å"10† and the second condition is either â€Å"a† is less than 20. If both the conditions get true, the â€Å"statements (A)† will be executed and if anyone of the conditions gets false, the â€Å"statements (B)† will be executed. As â€Å"&&† (and) logical operator has been used, therefore, both the conditions need to be true to execute â€Å"statements (A)†. Boolean operators have significance importance in C++, as these can be used in the conditions to determine either the condition is true or false. In programming, you need decision making structures that are based on conditions, whereas in the conditions we use Boolean operators. The above example explains the conditions along with Boolean Operators in detail. Loops are used to add excitement to roller coaster in amusements parks such as Six Flags. :D Just kidding of course, but in C++, they do the same kind of thing: Start at one point, execute some code, then end up back at where you started. They are useful for when you need to execute a piece of code multiple times. The different loop commands have the same basic function, but execute slightly differently. The while command is the simplest of the loops.Just like we say when we talk while (this) is true, do (this). For example: While the TV is on, I will watch it. Once the TV goes off, I will stop watching it. A good use of while is when asking for an entry, check to see that one of the expected entries is the one that the user used. The while loop checks to see if the condition is true before it

BANANA GARDEN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BANANA GARDEN - Essay Example In most cases, while men were travelling around to attend to their official duties, women were left behind to cater for their in-laws, children and farm activities. Gu Zhiqiong a member of the banana club used poetry to express her feelings to her absent husband. Despite them being apart for a long time, she missed him and wondered why her travelling husband should not come home. Her beauty was neglected by a husband who had gone to search for fame, but she feared that the search might not be successful.The neglect caused a lot of pain to Gu Zhiqiong, which resulted in weight loss and increase in illness. The stressful moments she was undergoing made her turn to drinking to alleviate the pain. Gu Zhiqiong’s belief that the quest for fame for her husband will not be successful showed an aspect weakness in males who at that time were regarded as superiors over females. Another member of the Banana Garden Poetry Club members was Chai Jingyi. In most of her poetry works, she avoided sections of more stereotypical feminine moods and topics. In her poem titled Huangtiandang: On Lady Liang, she showered praises to a lady beating the drum and argued that no one would believe that the person playing the drum was a beautiful woman (Berge, 2008). Despite women’s freedom of expression and movement being restricted it is clear that women have the capability of doing best what men could do. In 1129 during the Huangtiandang battle, Han Shizhong the Song dynasty general inflicted a decisive win over Jurchen Jin dynasty troops. The general’s win was mainly attributed to Liang Hongyu, who was his wife. Liang was a former courtesan and tirelessly played the drum, inspiring the Song army to superior efforts. The name of Liang often appeared in poetry in the seventeenth century as an example of devoted loyalty. Though men’s freedom of expression and movement was not restricted like the case in women, some of them

Human Elements In Administration Essay Example for Free

Human Elements In Administration Essay People are the most important element in an organization whether it’s a business enterprise, a school, an army or hospital. School administrator and supervisors must be prepared to deal effectively with the people involved because they have the most difficulty in understanding and dealing with the human elements of administration. The administrator must understand certain fundamental concepts of motivation. He must have an insight into the nature of authority and influence. And most of all, he must have the ability to analyze specific problems and to carry out his intentions successfully. Technical skills, administrative skills and human skills are the three kinds of skills a successful administrator must possess. * Technical Skills – pertains to methods, techniques and processes. * Administrative Skills – ability to see the organization as an entity and the interrelationship of its various parts * Human Skills – refers to the ways of dealing effectively with people. 3 Distinct elements: *Skill in understanding the basic human forces active in the organization. *Skill in analyzing complex human situations. *Skill in implementing a plan of action. It is said that man is a wanting animal. As soon as one of his needs is satisfied, another appears in its place. Man’s needs are organized in a series of levels or a hierarchy of importance according to the theory of Maslow. Psychological needs to be alive and to stay alive. Safety needs to feel safe from accidents or pain, from competition or threat. of his behaviour. Ego needs relate to one’s self – esteem and one’s reputation. Self – fulfilment needs for continued self – development, for realizing one’s own potentialities. Understanding basic needs of an individual is important for the administrators and supervisors because deprivation of those needs has behavioural consequences on the part of one’s individual. It is also important to understand because of the fact that an individual whose lower level needs are satisfied, he is not any longer motivated to satisfy his psychological and safety needs. Rather, he shifts towards the satisfaction of the other needs in the hierarchy. Unless there are opportunities at work to satisfy these needs, the individual is deprived and his consent behaviour will reflect the deprivation. A New Theory of Management Proposition on the theory of new management’s task by McGregor harnessing human energy to organizational requirements are stated as follows: 1. Management is responsible for organizing the elements of productive enterprise – money, materials, equipment and people – in the interest of economic needs 2 A process of directing peoples efforts, motivating, controlling their actions and modifying their behaviour to fit the needs of the organization 3. It is the responsibility of the management to recognize and develop the individual’s potential for development, his capacity for assuming responsibility, his readiness to direct behaviour toward organizational goals. 4. The essential task of management is to arrange organizational conditions and methods of operation in order to achieved desired goals and objectives. New theory of management relies on self – control and self – direction; it treats people as a matured adults and it is management by objectives, Advantages 1. it does not involve the relinquishing of leadership, the abdication of management or the lowering of standards 2 it is a process of creating opportunities, encouraging growth, releasing potential, removing obstacles and providing guidance Some applications of the new theory: 1. Decentralization and Delegation – freeing people from too close control of conventional organization. 2. Job Enlargement – encourages the acceptance of responsibility at the bottom of the organization. 3. Participation and Consultative Management – people are encouraged to direct their own creative energies towards organizational objectives and giving them some voice in decisions. 4. Performance Appraisal – individuals are involved in in setting targets and objectives for himself and in a self evaluation of performance semi – annually or annually. Close supervision tends to be associated with high productivity, general supervision with high productivity. The importance of supervising subordinates as a group are as follows: a.) discuss work problems with the group, b.) group performs well even when the supervisor is absent, c.) foster teamwork and group loyalty and d.) involves group participation in making decisions. THE ADMINISTRATOR OF SCHOOL FINANCING The welfare of the state depends largely upon the education of its citizens. Filipino people recognized the importance of sending children to school whenever and wherever possible. Our leaders and framers of Constitution see to it that the Magna Carta contains a provison that the state should establish and maintain a complete and adequate system of education and provide at least free primary for all education of school age. Since school population keeps on growing and the salaries of the teachers are keep on increasing, more and more funds are needed. However, present financial capability becomes inadequate and need to augment financial resources to keep up with increasing educational needs. In general, the sources for government income for education are the following: 1. Taxes imposed by law for the support of the government such as the real – property tax, specific tax, and import and export taxes. 2. Tuition fees imposed on students in public high schools, vocational schools, regional normal schools, and chartered colleges and universities. 3. Matriculation fees collected from public secondary school students, vocational schools, and chartered colleges and universities. There were also a matriculation fee charged in the intermediate grades but the fee was abolished by R. A. 4092 effective the school year 1964 – 1965. 4. Rental for lease of school sites and sales of schools products. 5. Land grants and donations. 6. Voluntary contributions. 7. Special fees such as miscellaneous fees charged from college students for entrance, registration, library, athletics, and laboratory, medical and dental clinics, school paper, diplomas, graduations and R.O.T.C. Support for Elementary Education The Educational Act of 1940 which nationalized the support of all elementary schools in municipalities and municipal districts saved the situation for the poor communities. The Educational Act of 1940 forbids the collection of tuition fees in the intermediate grades although it permits the matriculation fees in an amount to be determined by the President not exceeding two pesos for each pupil enrolled in the intermediate grades in municipalities and municipal district. The proceeds from this matriculation fee accrue to the fund of the National Government to purchase of library books and equipment and 40% for financing athletic activities in the intermediate grades. While the acquisition of school sites and construction of temporary school buildings remain the responsibility of the local governments. The law abolished the share of municipalities and municipal districts in the internal revenue collections, percentage taxes on the agricultural products and income tax. Support for Public Secondary Schools The financial support for the maintenance and operation of public secondary schools provided for by the provincial and city governments. Generally, the majority of provinces do not have adequate funds to support the schools properly. This deficiency in finances gives occasional difficulty in the payment of secondary teacher’s salary. The sources of provincial income are the following: 1. Internal revenue allotments from the national government. 2. Share from local taxes. 3. Fees from services rendered. 4. Income from miscellaneous receipts. Support for secondary schools 1. Tuition and matriculation fee levied by the Provincial Board on all high school students 2. Board uses parts of its general fund in case of shortage or the Board passes a resolution increasing the rate of tuition 3. Through the enactment of R. A. No. 3478, the National Government has been granting annual national aid to general provincial and municipal high schools beginning with the school year 1963 – 1964, primarily intended for salary adjustments of teachers and other secondary school personnel 4. Voluntary contributions and donations by private individuals and civic organizations Support of barrio experimental high school, the Bureau of Public Schools in its Memorandum No. 86, issued on August 1, 1966, states as follows: 1. The tuition fee to be charged should not be less than â‚ ±80.00 a year. 2. 50% of the 10% real estate tax proceeds allotted to barrios in accordance with the revised Barrio Charter should be set aside and used solely for the improvement of instruction in the barrio high schools. No amount accruing from this fund should be spent for salaries of teachers and other school personnel. 3. All feeder barrios should share the expenses for the improvement of instruction, the share of each to be proportionate to the number of students from the feeder barrios attending barrio high school. 4. All resolutions of the barrio councils regarding the funding of barrio high schools should be approved by the Municipal Council concerned. Support of Public Schools in Chartered Cities 1. Tuition fees and city funds   2. National Government allots lump sums as aid to cities for their educational needs. 3. National aid for salary adjustments of teachers and other secondary school personnel. The law was amended by R.A. No. 4128so as to include all city high schools except Manila and Quezon City. Support of Vocational Schools Vocational schools usually come under two categories – the provincial trade school and the provincial agricultural school. The source of income comes from the national contribution, tuition and other fees and income from school products. The so – called rural high schools which are agricultural in nature are jointly supported by the provinces and municipalities and the National Government. Support of Normal Schools Regional normal schools are also national like the vocational schools. There are still seven regional normal schools located in strategic places in the country serving the needs of the students in the surrounding places. Sources of income of these schools are national contribution and tuition fees. The city or municipality where they are located may also appropriate funds for the normal training department. Support of Special Schools The Philippine Nautical School located in Pasay is supported entirely by the National Government which offers courses for employment as merchant marine officers. The School for the Deaf and Blind under the Bureau of Public Schools is supported by the government with occasionally aid from the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes. Support of Chartered Government Colleges and Universities The support of chartered government institutions like University of the Philippines comes from the tuition and matriculation fees of students and comes from national funds appropriately annually by Congress. Special aids for the construction, repair and improvement of the buildings are given in special legislation or taken from the pork barrel fund. The tendency of the request by these institutions is to increase every year. Thus, the burden of the National Treasury for the support of these schools keeps on increasing. Other Agencies in helping the Financing of Public Schools A number of foreign agencies give some material aid to the schools aside from the National Government. Among these agencies are the following: * AID – NEC – provided in 1966 appropriations for buildings including the constructions of dormitories and also for typewriters, mimeographing machines and professional books for the Bureau of Public Schools. * UNICEF – gave aid in kind such as educational kits, globes, tape recorders, laboratory equipments and vehicles. * The American Foundation for Overseas Blind – donated Braille type writers, paper headsets, etc. * The Pilot Applied Nutrition Project (Bayaribang) – is a joint venture of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). These entities gave help in the form of technical services, training stipends, vehicles for supervision and various types of supplies and equipments for kitchen, laboratory and agricultural uses. * The Agency for International Development (AID), National Economic Council (NEC), and the Bureau of Public Schools (BPS) – jointly undertook a textbook production project which started on July 1, 1960 and terminated on June 30, 1965 to help solve the problem of lack of textbooks. The project was expected to print and distribute around 25 million of copies of textbooks within a 5-year period at an estimated cost about â‚ ±59.5 million. Support for Private Schools All private schools, colleges and universities derive their income mostly from tuition fees and miscellaneous fees from students. There is no law prescribing the maximum rate of tuition fees so there is no uniformity and limit in the tuition fees being charged by private schools. Quality schools with good standards among the religious institutions charge relatively higher rates than the ordinary schools. Some of the religious schools are partly supported from their properties. Some non-sectarian schools operating specially for profit charged comparatively lower tuition fees and even permit their students to pay on easy instalments to attract as many students as possible.

Medicating Young Minds Essay -- ADD ADHD Depression Anxiety

Medicating Young Minds In the article, â€Å"Medicating Young Minds†, which was published in Time magazine, dated November 3, 2003, it is stated that using stimulant medication on the youth is harmful. The article's author, Jeffrey Kluger, states that society must find alternative ways to treat young people for problems such as; ADD, ADHD, depression, anxiety, etc. Jeffrey Kluger's argument is not very persuasive for various reasons: their ill-logical beliefs, their sarcastic tones, their opinion and lack of fact based information, and their tendency to be biased in their writing. All of these reasons make it a poor argument over a very important subject. In the article, â€Å"Medicating Young Minds† author Jeffrey Kluger goes into detail about the problems of medicating children today. It is Klugers et al belief that it should not be happening; medicating the youth. His argument is logical to himself but, it may not be to everyone, especially people who need medication to survive. Kluger uses a sarcastic tone and is somewhat biased in his article. He believes that people today are just looking for the easy way out to feel better, when in reality they use medications to help them be successful in life. He states reasons for why he feels medications to aid ADD, ADHD, depression, anxiety and other mood disorders are bad, but does not give logical explanations to back it up. Kluger states side effects that he believes should help people determine that these medications are not worth taking. However, none of these side effects are worse than the effects some one may have with out the medicine. Kluger et al lacks evidence and does not have logic to their argument. His opinion is built into the article and less fact. He does no... ...sm, etc. The argument does not seem to be too believable for it does not show that any of the authors have any experience in the topic of medication and the effects on the youth .Also, the examples et al give are weak and they are not backed up with anything solid. The bias attitude these authors tend to demonstrate through the article does not help with believing what the authors have to say. Lastly, the word choice and attitudes throughout the article are used to try to make the reader fear or question medication on the youth. These words or statements are not followed with any good back up leaving them not as effective. It is obvious that the authors hold values that may differ from the general populations on this topic and they are not ashamed to show it. Having these attitudes takes away from the logic, believability, and credibility of their argument as a whole.

What Major Events in the Cold War Caused Fidel Castro?

What major events in the Cold War caused Fidel Castro to side with the Soviet Union Super Power? In the 1960’s the world was largely dominated by the Cold War which was a long period of tension and hostility that only occasionally broke out into open warfare. This conflict was caused by the rivalry of two superpowers – the United States and the Soviet Union and emerged after the Second World War. Both super powers had different ideologies – the United States was a capitalist democracy, whereas the Soviet Union were communist.These two super powers tried to influence many different countries throughout the world which ended up causing worldwide tension. More specifically, Cuba as country was affected by the Cold War in many ways and there were many events that caused them to side with the Soviet Union during this time when driven away by America. The major events such as Cuba’s New Regime, the Bay of Pigs attack and the Cuban Missile Crisis all had an impac t on Cuba being pushed away from American alliance and towards the Soviet Union. Cuba was largely controlled and owned by the United States.This includes their economic wealth, oil, refineries, mines, cattle ranches and railways. When Fidel Castro came into power in Cuba, many things changed. He introduced the new regime, which America was extremely suspicious of when Castro began to bring in socialist reforms such as redistribution of land, the collectivization of agriculture and nationalization of transport. These measures affected American investors and in turn caused America to react by banning Cuban sugar imports to America and break all diplomatic relations.USA became more hostile when Castro started trading with the Soviet Union and brought in thousands of Soviet technicians. America began to believe that Cuba was communist, which was not yet the case. America started secretly planning to invade Cuba and to overthrow Fidel Castro. This event of the new regime which was conduc ted after the Cuban Revolution had a great impact in the driving away of Cuba from their alliance with the United States and in turn pushed them closer to the Soviet Union.Another largely to blame event is the American failure of the landing at the Bay of Pigs. This was another attempt to over throw the Cuban government and evict Fidel Castro from power. This affair was a complete disaster on the behalf of America as Castro’s guerrilla forces easily defeated the US invaders within 2 days of the attack and all Americans were killed or taken as prisoners. The Bay of Pigs ambush was extremely embarrassing for the US, both because their involvement had been very public and the whole affair had been poorly planned and executed.Kennedy took public responsibility for the mistakes made, but remained determined to rid Cuba of Castro. This was an extremely short conflict and left USA with great shame and embarrassment. The Cuban Missile Crisis was also an important event that contribut ed largely to Fidel Castro being pushed into alliance with Soviet Union by America. US spy planes spotted nuclear missile sites being built by the Soviet Union on the island of Cuba. After being informed of this, Kennedy called together 18 of his closest advisers to try to resolve the most dangerous confrontation of the cold war.Kennedy decided to place a naval blockade around Cuba with the aim that it would prevent the Soviets from bringing in more military supplies into Cuba. Kennedy demanded the removal of the missiles already there and the destruction of the sites. During the crisis, the two sides exchanged many letters and other communications. The leaders of both superpowers recognized the devastating possibility of a nuclear war and publicly agreed to a deal in which the Soviets would dismantle the weapon sites in exchange for a pledge from the United States not to invade Cuba.In a separate deal, which remained secret for more than twenty-five years, the United States also ag reed to remove its nuclear missiles from Turkey. Although the Soviets removed their missiles from Cuba, they escalated the building of their military arsenal; the missile crisis was over, but the arms race was not. There were several monumental events that occurred during the Cold War that caused Fidel Castro and Cuba to side with the Soviet Union.There were political disagreements between Cuba and the United States, as well as direct conflict and violence between the two. There were extremely tense confrontations between the two super powers that could have ended tragically and caused an entire nuclear war. President Kennedy told Americans after the Cuban Missile Crisis had ended – â€Å"For, in the final analysis, our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this small planet. We all breathe the same air. We all cherish our children's future. And we are all mortal. â€Å"

Reaction Paper About Martial Law

Reaction Paper about Martial Law On September 21, 1972, President Ferdinand E. Marcos placed the Philippines under Martial Law. The declaration issued under Proclamation 1081 suspended the civil rights and imposed military authority in the country. Marcos defended the declaration stressing the need for extra powers to quell the rising wave of violence allegedly caused by communists. As I watched the 11 clips of Martial Law, different feelings showed up in me. Related reading: Martial Law ReflectionAt first, knowing that a bright Filipino would take over the president’s position during those times, I feel contented because my impression regarding how he would rule the Philippines will be on a good state. However, as I continued watching the clips, my contentment feeling became anger because as he proclaimed that the Philippines will be under Martial Law, my good impression about him was ruined. Benigno Aquino Jr. ssued a warning during his speech since he is a newly elected senate; he stated that the Philippines under Ferdinand Marcos was slowly being in a â€Å"garrison state† wherein the country will be under the control of militarist forces. When I saw this scene, I was actually agreeing with what Sen. Aquino said. During the early 1970s, the anti-government started doing rallies concerning the increase of price of gasoline and basic commodities, presence of US Military bases in the Philippines, foreign control over econom y, corruption in the government and widening gap between rich and poor.In this kind of scene, the government should start having reform movements so that the protests of the people will not be wasted but instead of this, violence is the government’s response. The government should understand the side of the mass but they were contradicted to what they are supposed to be doing. I also recalled in the film was the Plaza Miranda which was the symbol of democracy and freedom of speech since the activists and politicians gathers here.

Letter to a local MP on Euthanasia †Health Essay

Letter to a local MP on Euthanasia – Health Essay Free Online Research Papers Letter to a local MP on Euthanasia Health Essay I live next to the Swiss Clinic where an assisted-suicide charity, The Dignitas, is using. Everyday, I see people walking towards the clinic, with a mixture of fear and nervousness on their faces. I know that, within minutes, they are going to be put to death by euthanasia. Euthanasia means the intentional termination of life by another at the explicit request of the person who dies. Sometimes, a group of people go to the clinic together. When I look at them, I feel pity for them, because I think that they only chose death under emotional and psychological pressures which were overpowering. It is frightening to think of the number of people who were killed in that clinic to date. People who support euthanasia say that euthanasia is only voluntary, but if the choice of euthanasia is considered as good as a decision to receive care, many people will feel guilty for not choosing death. Financial considerations, added to the concern of being a burden to your family, could serve as powerful forces that would lead a person to choose euthanasia. Also, euthanasia is a rejection of the importance and value of human life. People who support euthanasia often say that it is permissible to take human life under some circumstances such as self defense, but they miss the point that when one kills for self defense they are saving innocent life either their own or someone elses. With euthanasia, life is only taken and no life is saved. Some people might ask: â€Å"Wouldn’t legalized euthanasia and assisted suicide make certain that patients can die peacefully, surrounded by their families and doctors, instead of being suffocated by plastic bags or dying in excruciating pain?† I think not, because legalizing euthanasia will only create many more problems to come. In simpler terms, the cons of euthanasia outdo the pros of it. Adding to that, euthanasia is also referred to as â€Å"a permanent solution for a temporary problem.† Another thing that people for euthanasia believe in is that, euthanasia is a way to relieve a patient from excruciating pain. Euthanasia activists often exploit the natural fear people have of suffering and dying. Such claims are totally irresponsible and untrue. Now, in the 21st century, virtually all pain can be eliminated with the use of modern medicine. Now, I urge you to start opposing euthanasia, and to ask your friends to oppose euthanasia too, because it is an unlawful thing for anyone to do. Yours truly, Timothy Research Papers on Letter to a local MP on Euthanasia - Health EssayArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Capital PunishmentThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyGenetic EngineeringThe Fifth HorsemanComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoTwilight of the UAWMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

16 Memorable Quotes From Anne of Green Gables

16 Memorable Quotes From 'Anne of Green Gables' Review memorable quotes from Anne of Green Gables to better understand its characters, themes, and plot devices. Whether you review them before you read the book, while youre reading it or afterward, youll improve your comprehension of this work by  Lucy Maud Montgomery and get better acquainted with protagonist Anne Shirley, a redheaded orphan with a wild imagination and a talent for getting into trouble.   What Anne Says About Herself Im not a bit changednot really. Im only just pruned down and branched out. The real MEback hereis just the same.Theres such a lot of different Annes in me. I sometimes think that is why Im such a troublesome person. If I was just the one Anne it would be ever so much more comfortable, but then it wouldnt be half so interesting.And people laugh at me because I use big words. But if you have big ideas you have to use big words to express them, havent you?When I left Queens my future seemed to stretch out before me like a straight road. I thought I could see along it for many a milestone. Now there is a bend in it. I dont know what lies around the bend, but Im going to believe that the best does. It has a fascination of its own, that bend, Marilla. Trouble and Wickedness Its so easy to be wicked without knowing it, isnt it?Its all very well to read about sorrows and imagine yourself living through them heroically, but its not so nice when you really come to have them, is it?Youd find it easier to be bad than good if you had red hair... People who havent red hair dont know what trouble is.For we pay a price for everything we get or take in this world; and although ambitions are well worth having, they are not  to be cheaply won, but exact their dues of work and self-denial, anxiety and discouragement.Next to trying and winning, the best thing is trying and failing.Marilla, isnt it nice to think that tomorrow is a new day with no mistakes in it yet? Setting the Scene The night was clear and frosty, all ebony of shadow and silver of snowy slope; big stars were shining over the silent fields; here and there the dark pointed first stood up with snow powdering their branches and the wind whistling through them.Look at that sea, girlsall silver and shadow and vision of things not seen. We couldnt enjoy its loveliness any more if we had millions of dollars and ropes of diamonds.Anne always remembered the silvery, peaceful beauty and fragrant calm of that night. It was the last night before sorrow touched her life; and no life is ever quite the same again when once that cold, sanctifying touch has been laid upon it. Miscellaneous The goblins of her fancy lurked in every shadow about her, reaching out their cold, fleshless hands to grasp the terrified small girl who had called them into being.Mrs. Lynde says that sound doctrine in the man and good housekeeping in the woman make an ideal combination for a ministers family.Isnt it splendid to think of all the things there are to find out about? It just makes me feel glad to be aliveits such an interesting world. It wouldnt be half so interesting if we know all about everything, would it? Thered be no scope for imagination then, would there? Wrapping Up Now that youve reviewed some memorable quotes from this classic, explore the novel further by learning about some of the ways the novel has been adapted over the years.

Managing Communications, Knowledge and Information Essay - 4

Managing Communications, Knowledge and Information - Essay Example In order to assess what information and data is required; it is customary that data gathering methods as well as the criteria for gathering such data shall be outlined also. Once the required information is gathered, next phase will involve a systematic dissemination of data and information among the management as well as the operational staff in order to keep them informed about what potential changes may be introduced as a result of the expansion. Further, this report will also provide an appropriate information system diagram to visually present the flow of information besides providing a detailed description of at least three performance measures which should allow the management of hotel to practically judge the success and failure of the proposed expansion plan. This report will therefore attempt to explore all the above mentioned areas and will provide an analysis of how this can be achieved and what resources and requirements will make it possible to achieve the intended objectives. Having defined this, next step shall be to identify the data required to perform such type of analysis. It is therefore assumed that both the qualitative as well as quantitative data will be required to complete this project. Most important sources of data will be internal and a temporal analysis of available data is required to assess as to whether the customers, historically, requested for such services. Further, external sources of data will be required to assess as to what the market is charging for providing such facilities and what may be the costs involved in constructing and maintaining such facilities. This data will be required because it will allow the management to assess the commercial viability of the projects and will provide them a critical insight into how to design the facilities in a manner so that cost of maintenance remains low while at the same time offering high quality services. Some of the methods to collect the data will include survey of

Dispersed Team Dynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dispersed Team Dynamics - Essay Example The effectiveness of studies on the dynamics of the teams has influential merits for the management students as they can convert their individual skills to collective enthusiasm at their prospective workplace. This essay will focus on the summative evaluation of the different elements of virtual team management and the practical utility of the methods applied in the course structure and identify the questions for future exploration. The course design for the topic of dispersed team dynamics has successfully covered the different theoretical aspects associated with the virtual team management applications. The basic learning from the course encompasses the technical and scientific knowledge associated with the formation of virtual teams and their functions. The lectures and practical sessions of the course effectively address the essential features of operational management, communication and the principles of collaboration in order to empower the learners to develop their employability at the challenging job market conditions. The course literature evidently focuses on the technical and personal competencies required for the virtual team managers. The current tendencies of the global HR environment of collectively demand the management students and leadership aspirants to explore their own potentials on the basis of the required adaptability skills essential for coping up the change-inflicted challenges. Accord ing to Lpesinger and DeRosa (2010), the emphasis of envisioning the changes as part of virtual team management functioning is essential for team leaders because of the importance of visions in strategic planning and decision making (p.93). As part of the course, the virtual team has taken a definition for the students as they realize the scope of this HR practice device across the multi-cultural and diverse employment

Higher Education in Contemporary Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Higher Education in Contemporary Society - Essay Example With more and more businesses turning to overseas labor, the job market in America is suffering. We need a public that is educated and capable of contributing significant economic skills to the development of our systems and institutions. More competition in any given market means that candidates for positions need to be knowledgeable and capable of ingenuity. As globalization spreads, jobs are demanding more than primary education can offer; a key factor in obtaining a well paying career path is obtaining some form of higher education. Employees and applicants need to be ahead of the times, ready to interact with people of different languages and customs in a business manner and achieve successful relationships. Entrepreneurial engagement is also important to a society, it allows for new markets to open up and eventually new jobs to come about. Higher education is essential to the success of any entrepreneurial business especially in today's rapidly growing marketplace. Another reason that higher education is so important today is the simple fact that without an educated public, democracy cannot thrive. Believe in or not those fancy schools and education institutions were founded in service to us as citizens of a free country. They may fuss and moan about reputation and status; but when you get down to it they are here to allow us the pursuit of knowledge. A pursuit that is not only a human right but also a civic responsibility; "The schools of a country are its future in miniature." Tehyi Hsieh, a Chinese philosopher said that and has proven to be true. From the ancient Maya and Egyptians to the Greeks and Romans every outstandingly powerful and accomplished society has had a well developed education system. As funding for primary public education dwindles and its accomplishments seem less profound with every year, higher education may be our only option to pursue knowledge within an institutional setting. Aristotle said, "To learn is a natural pl easure, not confined to philosophers but common to all men (Samovar, Porter, McDaniel, 2007 pg. 267)." Let us uphold this idea and consist ourselves of well educated, adaptable and resourceful people. "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind" Neil Armstrong's famous quote as he stepped onto the surface of the moon drives home my next point. Higher education is important in contemporary society because it is important for our country to push technological and scientific boundaries. In one year we made it from just breaking free of our earths atmosphere to landing on the moon and returning successfully as the fist country to accomplish the task. America would never have been eligible for this position without higher education. With diseases like Aids and Cancer growing out of the control; global warming threatening to change life on earth forever and populations rising into the billions it is important more than ever for us to be experimenting with new ideas. We need to attempt to right some of the environmental wrongs we have done our planet; we need to find alternative fuel sources and ask why our globe is heating up. The questions of why, where,

The Rise Of Green Vehicles Marketing Essay

The Rise Of Green Vehicles Marketing Essay Introduction A green vehicle is a motor vehicle that has less dangerous and less deadly effects to the environment than any regular gasoline or diesel powered vehicles. The major inspiration of the development of alternative fuels and green engineering are to reduce the harmful environmental impacts and to create the mentality of reducing dependency to oil. Based on what customers majority demand in automobile industry: low fuel consumption, low cost, low noise pollution, state-of-the-art technology, and environmentally friendly, manufactures are significantly are transforming their technology to the green vehicle technology. Green vehicles are powered by alternative fuels and include hybrids, electric cars, ethanol, hydrogen cars, natural gas, plug-in hybrids, biodiesel, and air powered vehicles. Latest trend of the green vehicles popularity was significantly caused by the rise of oil prices. People are trying to find other ways to save their money from purchasing gas for their gas/diesel powere d cars. Tax saving also contributes to the rise of green vehicles popularity in various countries such as United States and European Union. According to IRS website, The Energy Policy Act of 2005 replaced the clean-fuel burning deduction with a tax credit. A tax credit is subtracted directly from the total amount of federal tax owed, thus reducing or even eliminating the taxpayers tax obligation. The tax credit for hybrid vehicles applies to vehicles purchased or placed in service on or after January 1, 2006 (www.irs.gov). This paper will answer several questions that people might be curios about. First, I will discuss the causes of the booming market of green vehicles in the last decade. Secondly, I will discuss the controversies of GMs electric vehicle EV1 and its relation to the conspiracy theories with Oil Company. Background As mentioned before, green vehicles include hybrids, electric cars, ethanol, hydrogen cars, natural gas, plug-in hybrids, biodiesel, and air powered vehicles. Hybrids combine two or more different propulsion systems, typically a gasoline engine and one or more electric drive motors. Most hybrids on the road today compliment their gas engines by charging a battery when breaking. Engines running on diesel or other alternative fuels can also be used in hybrids. A hybrid drive is fully scalable, which means the drive can be used to power everything from small commuter cars to large buses and even locomotives. Hybrids get more MPG or miles per gallon than most non-hybrids, and usually have very low tailpipe emissions (greencar.com). Electric cars produce zero localized emissions since theyre propelled by electric motors that run on batteries charged at home, or special electric vehicle charging stations. Electric cars are extremely efficient and run for pennies per mile, much cheaper than any other alternative fuel. Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. As a fuel, ethanol can be used in more than 30 flex fuel vehicle models that have been designed to run on alcohol, gasoline, or any combination of the two fuels from the same tank. Most ethanol today is produced from corn or sugar cane, although this will change as cheaper cellulosic ethanol made from fast growing woody grasses and other biomass becomes a reality. Hydrogen cars perhaps the cleanest of all alternative fuels, burning with nearly zero emissions in an internal combustion engine and with emissions of only water vapor and heat in an electro-mechanical fuel cell. Natural gas, the cleanest-burning fossil fuel, is being used by an increasing number of medium- and heavy-duty commercial vehicles like refuse trucks and delivery vans. Natural gas is stored and used in its liquefied or compressed states. It is most commonly abbreviated as LNG for Liquefied Natural Gas, a nd CNG for Compressed Natural Gas. While a variety of light-duty natural gas cars were once available, the only factory-produced natural gas car made today in the U.S. is Hondas Civic GX. Plug-in hybrids boast great potential for improving fuel economy. Plug in hybrid technology allows gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles to be recharged from the grid and run many miles on battery power alone. A gas engine provides additional driving range as needed after the battery power is gone. Plug in hybrids may never need to run on anything but electricity for shorter commutes. The combination of gas and electric driving technologies can already achieve up to 150 mpg. Biodiesel is a renewable alternative fuel made from various sources ranging from waste vegetable oil to soybeans. It can often be used seamlessly in diesel engines of all kinds. Biodiesel is a cleaner fuel than standard petroleum diesel. Since it can be produced locally, biodiesel has the potential to decrease our dependence on for eign countries for oil, and enhance local economies where biodiesel production is taking place. Air powered cars are relatively new to the green car scene. Compressed air is currently being explored as a viable alternative fuel to efficiently power car engines with little or no environmental impact (greencar.com). Going back to the history of green vehicles, they have been around for around almost 120 years. Jake Richardson in his article 9 Electric Cars 100 Years Old or More explains that the first green vehicle ever made was 1891 Morison. Made by William Morrison in 1891, some say the Morrison was the first electric vehicle in America. It  had a four horsepower engine, and could  carry 6-12 passengers. Top speed was about 20 mph. The batteries needed to be recharged every 50 miles. It has been said the car was actually completed in 1887 and was driven in a Des Moines parade in 1888. If that is true, the Morrison was first built 122 years ago, and it was built in America, where today they are  almost no electric cars on the roads. Next is electrobat, produced from 1894-1899.   Electrobats were made for several years in Philadelphia. The first ones were very heavy and used steel  tires to support a large lead battery. They employed twin 1.5 hp motors and  had a top speed of 20 mph. They could go 25 miles on one charge. Next is the 1900 Riker. Riker is a bulky enclosed cabin four passenger sedan that was made about the turn of the century; the Riker featured electric side lamps, wooden-spoked wheels, and a voice tube so passengers could communicate with the driver. Cabin windows could be raised and lowered. 48 battery cells were onboard, with an electric engine near each rear wheel.  The drivers seat was about 6-7 feet in the air.   Next is 1901 Riker torpedo. Andrew Riker, the founder of Riker Electric Vehicles, made the Torpedo in 1901 to be the fastest car on the road. Next is the 1902 Studebaker, 1906 Krieger, 1909 Babcock, and 1909 Bailey (http://gas2.org). It hasnt been seriously developed until the 1973 when the oil crisis strikes. Paul Lucas in his article The History of Green Motoring explains that in the 1980s, attempts to develop the green car concept reached new heights. In Switzerland for example, there was an annual race for solar-powered veh icles called the Tour de Sol. This ran from 1985-1995. In 1991, BMW created a pair of battery powered E1 concepts that failed to get past the concept stage. In the same year, the Citroen Citela was born with a range of 130 miles and top speeds of 70mph. GM also introduced its first purpose-built electric vehicle, the EV1, from 1996-1999. Since the turn of the millennium the concept of green cars has expanded at a phenomenal rate. This is because of the contribution of the expansion of hybrid cars, which effectively plug the gap between electric cars and conventional vehicles. Popular models include the Toyota Camry, which was once acclaimed as the top-selling passenger vehicle in America, and the Toyota Prius which in 2007 was the number-one selling hybrid vehicle worldwide. The concept has even been introduced into larger vehicles such as the Lexus RX400h, an off-roader. The Volkswagen BlueMotion Polo, which became available in 2007, cut CO2 emissions even further. Hydrogen fuelled cars arrived in 2006 through the BMW 7 Series, while the Ford Airstream was introduced in 2007 with a lithium battery that was topped up by a hydrogen fuel cell (www.thegreencarwebsite.co.uk). Major Reasons So, what exactly encouraged the rise of green vehicle popularity? One of the major contributors to the popularity of green vehicle is the increase of oil prices all over the world. The advancement of technology is causing the green vehicles to consume less gas. Ricky Lim in his article 3 Advantages Of Hybrid Cars Over Conventional Cars explains that Combining the cleaner energy of an electric motor with the long range capacity of a gasoline engine allows a hybrid car to save as much as 30 miles a gallon (http://ezinearticles.com. One of the technologies of hybrid cars is that they will only use the gasoline engine during constant speed such as highways speed. During the stop and go traffic, the electric engine will be functioned thats resulting in saving fuel. People always wonder on why hybrids cars are extremely quiet during idle. It is because the gasoline engine is turned off. The electric engine doesnt produce any noise at all. Here are the data of gas consumption on some of the hybrid cars: Ford Escape 31.9 mpg; Honda Accord 29.4 mpg; Honda Civic 46.2 mpg; Honda Insight 55.3 mpg; Lexus GS 450H 23.5 mpg; Lexus RX 400H 25.3 mpg; Mercury Mariner 29.5 mpg; Nissan Altima 34.3 mpg; Saturn Vue 25.9 mpg; Toyota Camry 36.5 mpg; Toyota Highlander 26.4 mpg; Toyota Prius 47.5 mpg (www.greenhybrid.com). Based on www.green-energy-efficient-homes.com, Hybrid car sales statistics have shown steady growth over most of the last five years, but sales peaked in early 2008 (at 45,000 vehicles) and showed a steady decline in the second half of 2008 with sales starting to recover somewhat in spring 2009. Considering the spike in oil and gasoline prices up to about July of 2008, and their rapid decline once the economic downturn hit later in 2008, its not surprising that sales show a peak followed by a steady drop. Fortunately for hybrid car manufacturers, gasoline price increases in the second through fourth quarters of 2009 have been accompanied by a return to high er hybrid car sales (http://www.green-energy-efficient-homes.com/hybrid-car-sales-statistics.html). Take a look at this chart, which shows three data series: hybrid car sales statistics by month, a 12-month moving average of hybrid car sales, and average US gas prices per gallon, from January 2004 to December 2009: (www.green-energy-efficient-homes.com) According to carsdirect.com, the August 2009 hybrid car statistics show that of the more than 200,000 hybrid cars sold in the U.S. year-to-date (YTD), the Toyota Prius is the top selling vehicle. There were 93,810 Prius sales through August 2009, with 18,886 units being sold in the month of August alone. Behind the Prius were the Toyota Camry, which sold 17,630 YTD, Honda Insight, selling 14,045 YTD, Honda Civic at 14,014 units sold and Ford Escape in the top 5 at 11,222 units sold YTD. In the month of August, Toyota Prius sales were 49% of all August U.S. hybrid sales. Camrys August sales made up 5% of hybrid sales, Insights comprised 11%, Civics 2% and Escape sales were 4% of all August hybrid car sales.   There were 38,701 hybrid cars sold in the United States in August 2009. Sales of the Toyota Prius were 1% of all car sales in the month of August.   All hybrid sales were 3% of the car sales that were made in the month. The number of hybrids sold in the month is up 48.6% over the same time period in 2008, showing a rise in the popularity of these vehicles by American drivers. Toyota, Honda and Ford are the largest makers of hybrid vehicles, with the most sales and models.  Toyota features the top-selling Prius, Camry and Highlander models. Honda has the Insight and Civic while Ford produces the Escape and Fusion hybrid vehicles (www.carsdirect.com). Based on www.mixedpower.com, from the states hybrid sales statistics in 2008, California sold the most hybrid cars with 39,830 units followed by New York: 8,810; Florida: 8,612; Texas: 8,255; and Illinois: 6,107 (www.mixedpower.com). The increasing of environmental awareness also contributes to the rise of green vehicles popularity. Alexandria Haber in his article The Facts About Hybrid Car Emissions and Global Warming explains that hybrid cars emit far lower levels of pollutants in the air than conventional cars, resulting decreased pollution and reduced effects of global warming. Because no two people drive the same way, it is therefore difficult to estimate, but emissions can be reduced from 25% to 90%, when comparing hybrid cars to conventional gas-powered vehicles (www.buzzle.com). Ricky Lim also in his article explains that hybrid cars emit lower toxic emissions compared to conventional gasoline-powered cars due to less gasoline being burned (www.buzzle.com). It is environmentally friendly, causes less pollution and releases less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere (http://ezinearticles.com). Peak oil theory also emerges and causes people to be more aware to consume more oil. Peak oil theory states: that any finite resource, (including oil), will have a beginning, middle, and an end of production, and at some point it will reach a level of maximum output as seen in the graph: (www.peakoil.com) This is the graph of world oil production from 1900-2080 taken from www.lifeaftertheoilcrash.net It indicates that in the future we will have no more oil to be consumed, and the productivity of green vehicles has to be increased to decrease the dependency of oil. The last contributor to the rise of green vehicles is the tax incentives for the green vehicles buyers. It was in 2005 that Energy Policy Act of 2005 was passed by the United States congress and passed by President George W.Bush. The act, described by proponents as an attempt to combat growing energy problems, changed US energy policy by providing tax incentives and loan guarantees for energy production of various types. Consumers can itemize purchases on their federal income tax form, which will lower the total amount of tax they owe the government. In addition to federal tax incentives, some consumers will also be eligible for utility or state rebates, as well as state tax incentives for energy-efficient homes, vehicles and equipment (www.energy.gov). According to www.hybridcars.com, the exact amount of credit given by the government may vary: Current Models Make Model Tax Credit Audi A3 TDI (Clean Diesel) $1,300 Audi Q7 TDI (Clean Diesel) $1,150 BMW 335d (Clean Diesel) $900 BMW X5 xDrive35d (Clean Diesel) $1,800 Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid $1,300 Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid $2,200 Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid $2,200 Ford Escape Hybrid (2wd) $3,000 Ford Escape Hybrid (4wd) $2,200 Ford Fusion Hybrid $3,400 GMC Sierra Hybrid $2,200 GMC Yukon Hybrid $2,200 Honda Civic Hybrid $2,100 Honda 2005 Civic Hybrid (auto) $1,700 Lexus GS 450h $1,550 Lexus LS 600hL $450 Lexus RX 400h $2,200 Mazda Tribute Hybrid (2wd) $3,000 Mazda Tribute Hybrid (4wd) $2,200 Mercedes GL 320 Bluetec (Clean Diesel) $1,800 Mercedes R320 Bluetec (Clean Diesel) $1,550 Mercedes ML 320 Bluetec (Clean Diesel) $900 Mercedes S400 Hybrid $1,150 Mercury Mariner Hybrid (2wd) $3,000 Mercury Mariner Hybrid (4wd) $2,200 Mercury Milan Hybrid $3,400 Nissan Altima $2,350 Toyota Camry Hybrid $2,600 Toyota Highlander Hybrid $2,600 Toyota Prius $3,150 Volkswagen Jetta TDI (Clean Diesel) $1,300 Volkswagen Touareg TDI (Clean Diesel) $1,150 Despite of its cons, green vehicles have the cons as well. Phillip Dunn in his article Hybrid Cars Pros and Cons explains that all this new technology comes at a price: a hybrid car is complex and expensive. It has two motors and all the ancillary systems to manage them plus a heavy battery and a regeneration system used to produce electricity during breaking. Hybrids are the most gasoline efficient of all cars they typically get 48 to 60 mpg (claimed). Not bad, but only about 20% to 35% better than a fuel efficient gasoline powered vehicle like the Honda Civic, for example, that gets 36 mpg. But, when comparing prices hybrids cost from $19,000 to $25,000 and gas saver cars cost $14,000 to $17,000 the justification to buy becomes less clear. Much of the fuel efficiency comes from improvements in aero dynamics, weight reduction and, the biggest change: a smaller, less powerful gas engine. In fact, any car will get substantially better mileage just by reducing the engine size. The main reason this is not done has to do customer demand they want the extra power and zippiness (www.physorg.com). EV1 Controversies. Since the rise of green vehicles popularity, have the oil industries been affected tremendously? In the 1990s oil was getting scarcer and the pollution produced by combustion engines was becoming recognized as a very serious problem. Consumers began to demand some solutions that would save their world, their bank accounts and their breathing from gasolines bad effects. Like mentioned earlier, electric cars have been around for 110 years from the first time its been made. Alexandra Paul in her article Who Killed my Electric Car? explains that in 1900, electric cars outsold both gasoline and steam vehicles because electric cars didnt have the vibration, noise and dirtiness associated with gas vehicles. But soon afterward with the discovery of Texas crude oil that reduced the price of gasoline, the invention of the electric starter in 1912 that eliminated the need for a hand crank, and the mass production of internal combustion engine vehicles by Henry Ford the electric vehicle went t he way of the horse and buggy (www.cnn.com). In the 1990s oil was getting scarcer and the pollution produced by combustion engines was becoming recognized as a very serious problem. Consumers began to demand some solutions that would save their world, their bank accounts and their breathing from gasolines bad effects. In 1990 California passed the ZEV, requiring 2% of new vehicles sold in California to be emission-free by 1998, 10% by 2003. In response to ZEV, GM launched their revolutionary car EV1. The EV1 required no gas, no oil changes, no mufflers and rare brake maintenance. The success of electric vehicles would have threatened the status quo and core business models of two of the worlds biggest industries oil and automobile. Electric cars are a threat to the profitability of the conventional gas-powered auto industry. GM said that it spent more than $1 billion to market and develop the EV1 (www.ecosherpa.com). Not only would a successful electric car program cannibalize sale s of conventional cars, but the electric car costs the auto industry in other ways: lacking an engine, it saves the driver the cost of replacement parts, motor oil, filters, and spark plugs. The EV1s regenerative braking system, in which the cars electronic controls handled much of the work of slowing down the car, spared the cars mechanical brake system from wear. Brake parts and repair is a billion-plus dollar industry alone. The EV1s efficiency was a winner for consumers but a loser for the auto industry. Despite of its advantages, EV1 still had its disadvantages: it was only available to be leased to the public; it was only available for three year leases with no option for renewal or purchase at the end lease period. Leases ranged from $299 to over $574 monthly which was pretty expensive at that time. EV1 also had a short range (around 80 miles) and no backup system. It took 12 hours to fill up the battery. All in all, GMs EV1 has brought pros and cons to the public. It was thr eatening the oil industry, yet it also had major weaknesses to sustain its existence. In conclusion, the popularity of the non-traditional energy sources is increasing since more than two decades. People have realized the importance of the green vehicles for the environment. The rise of green vehicles has been encouraged by the uncontrollable increases on gas prices, the awareness trend to save the environment, and also the tax incentives that is given by the government. The electric cars need to be existed for one more time because with the advancement of technology, it wouldnt be difficult to produce a better car than GMs EV1. Electric vehicles will help tremendously to conserve the oil that has been consumed uncontrollably.